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Biography: I’m just here for the pro wrestling, not real life.

 

Goldie is a movie starring Slick Woods, George Sample III, and Danny Hoch. A teenager in a family shelter, wages war against the system to keep her sisters together while she pursues her dreams of being a dancer. A story about

actor - Danny Hoch

Year - 2019

director - Sam de Jong

Runtime - 1 H 28M

tomatometer - 6,2 / 10

Thank you for making more videos of Goldie as a teen.

 

Free online golden goddess slot machine. Goldie and bear online free. Your current browser isn't compatible with SoundCloud. Please download one of our supported browsers. Need help? Free Online golden globes. Bya j tupi uptrdi sk khngdre. "Glittering" Goldie O'Gilt is a female duck who originated in the comics as Scrooge McDuck 's old flame from his Gold Rush days. Background Goldie serving Scrooge his drugged coffee. A young Scrooge first met Goldie at the Blackjack Ballroom, where Goldie worked as a singer. After Scrooge showed his recent gold poke to silence a sneering bartender, the covetous Goldie suddenly showed great interest in Scrooge and invited him for coffee. In an attempt to rob Scrooge of his gold, Goldie drugged his coffee, and Scrooge woke up hours later in a snowdrift six miles from town. After he realized Goldie robbed him of his hard-earned gold, a furious Scrooge returned to the ballroom, and forced Goldie to repay the debt by signing an I. O. U. and helping him work at his claim at White Agony Creek, to teach her a lesson about earning money square, rather than by robbing hardworking miners and stacking cards. [1] History Scrooge and Goldie in The Miner's Granddaughter. Originally created by Carl Barks as a character in the comic Back to the Klondike, Goldie was shown to be a music hall singer in Dawson. Carl Barks drew inspiration for Glittering Goldie's character from Kathleen Rockwell (a. k. a. "Klondike Kate"). Barks only used the character once, but Goldie and her relationship with Scrooge were later picked up and expanded upon by other creators. One of these was master Disney artist Romano Scarpa, who wrote and drew Goldie's second comic appearance, The Miner's Granddaughter ( Uncle Scrooge #423), where Goldie leaves her granddaughter Dickie Duck in Scrooge's care and meets Brigitta MacBridge for the first time. Don Rosa also used her in several stories, including his The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck series and his comic Last Sled to Dawson in Uncle Scrooge Adventures #5. Appearances DuckTales Present-day Goldie in " Ducky Mountain High ". Goldie made her animated debut in the DuckTales episode " Back to the Klondike ". This episode is an adaptation of the Carl Barks comic of the same name. In this story, after she swindles Scrooge of his gold nugget, he threatens to call the authorities if she doesn't pay him back. Rather than getting into trouble, she reluctantly agrees to work to pay back the nugget. While working together the two of them fall in love. She later appeared in the series' episodes " Scroogerello ", " Till Nephews Do Us Part " (where she emerges from the wedding cake to punish Scrooge for trying to marry another woman), and " Ducky Mountain High ". In " Scrooge's Pet ", Scrooge installs a new lock for his vault and is seen putting the note with the combination in a locket and placing the locket on a statuette of Goldie. She could also be seen on a portrait in Scrooge's home in the episode " Dr. Jekyll & Mr. McDuck ". DuckTales (2017) Goldie O'Gilt in DuckTales reboot. Goldie appears in the 2017 reboot series, voiced by Allison Janney. She first appears in the episode " The Golden Lagoon of White Agony Plains! ". She is depicted as appearing younger than Scrooge in this version because she found the Fountain of Youth in Ronguay. According to the creators, Goldie is the "Catwoman" to Scrooge's "Batman"; she rivals Scrooge in almost everything, including in greed, a fact that Scrooge hates and loves about her. [2] She also has no Southern drawl in this version. As in the comics, Scrooge and Goldie met during the Gold Rush in the Yukon. However, instead of forcing her into working his claim, the two instead searched for the legendary Golden Lagoon of White Agony Plains hidden within the caves near White Agony Creek. When facing the Mammoth that lurked there (a live one instead of the frozen corpse in the comics), they became trapped in a glacier for five years and their map to the Lagoon was torn in two by the beast. During the years staring at each other's faces, they fell in love. When Goldie thawed out, Scrooge was left behind and they became rivals in the years since, with a second search for the Golden Lagoon being their first encounter in recent years. In the episode " The Outlaw Scrooge McDuck! ", Scrooge tells Louie how he met up with Goldie at a town called Gumpton when Scrooge intended to prospect for gold and Goldie had followed him to steal any gold he prospected. Together they stopped John Rockerduck]from stealing the town's gold which would have led to the town's bankruptcy, also setting off a gold rush. This gives Louie the idea to learn how to do business through Goldie. In " Happy Birthday, Doofus Drake! " she and Louie attend Doofus Drake birthday party, posing as aunt and nephew with intentions of stealing the valuable gift bags. During the night Doofus sicks a killer robot onto Louie which Goldie ends up stepping in front of B. Y. D. to get him to stop. To her and Louie's surprise, B. shuts down and Doofus praises Louie and Goldie for passing the test. The whole ordeal was a test devised by Doofus to test their bonds of parenthood, just so Doofus could claim Goldie as his new "Goldiemama". Doofus relinquishes the gift bags to Louie and catapults him out. Doofus encases Goldie in a glass prison and forces her to tell him stories. But Louie eventually rescues her At the end of the episode Goldie adds the photo of Louie to her wallet next to Scrooge's with a wistful sigh before walking off into the distance, with the gift bags stolen from Doofus' party slung over her shoulder. Printed media Comics Scrooge and Goldie meet again in Back to the Klondike (first published in 1953). In the Uncle Scrooge comics, Goldie first appeared in Back to the Klondike. Scrooge and Goldie meet again some fifty years later and it is revealed that Goldie is now dirt poor and living alone at Scrooge's former claim in the Yukon. Scrooge travels there to collect her old debt to him (which, at compound interest for fifty years, now amounts to a billion dollars) and turns it into a bet for who can dig more gold. Goldie digs into an area where Scrooge's old gold stash was, so she wins. Scrooge claims to have lost because he forgot the stash due to recent memory problems, but Donald, who knows Uncle Scrooge had just taken his memory medication, deduces that Scrooge lost on purpose. In her appearances in The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck, it is (heavily) implied that Scrooge and Goldie fell in love with each other, but never revealed their feelings of affection to one another and eventually drifted apart as Scrooge traveled across the world and acquired his fortune while Goldie remained in Dawson. In Last Sled to Dawson, Goldie appears again, this time owning a hotel in Dawson. Goldie plays a sizeable role as a side-character in a lot of Scrooge's flashbacks related to the Yukon, and she makes a surprise visit during Scrooge's "anniversary" of arriving in Duckburg. Scrooge frequently dreams of past chapters of his adventurous times, with at least one of them involving Goldie. However, according to himself, he always "gets knocked out" before finishing the dream about her in particular. Gallery References External links Glittering Goldie on Wikipedia v - e - d Media Shows/Movies: 1987 series • 2017 series • Walt Disney's World on Ice: Double Feature... Live! • Raw Toonage • DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp • Videography Video Games: Video game ( HD remake / Soundtrack) • DuckTales 2 • The Quest for Gold • Scrooge's Loot Comics: Comic Books ( IDW) Books: Dinosaur Ducks • The Secret City Under the Sea • Dinosaur Valley • Launchpad's Daring Raid • Welcome to Duckburg • Sphinx for the Memories and Sir Gyro Gearloose • The Great Lost Treasure Hunt • Scrooge McDuck and the Big Surprise • Dinosaur Ducks and Jungle Duck • The Hunt for the Giant Pearl • Scrooge's Treasure Hunt • Christmas at the North Pole • Armstrong the Robot and Earthquack • Silver Dollars for Uncle Scrooge • Webby Saves the Day Disney Parks DuckTales World Showcase Adventure Characters 1987 series: Scrooge McDuck • Huey, Dewey, and Louie • Launchpad McQuack • Webby Vanderquack • Bentina Beakley • Duckworth • Chief O'Hara • Shedlock Jones • Gyro Gearloose • Little Helper • Yardarm • Doofus Drake • Fenton Crackshell • Donald Duck • Gladstone Gander • Bubba the Cave Duck • Abominable Snowwoman • Tootsie the Triceratops • Skittles • Blackjack • Poupon • Gene the Genie • Glittering Goldie • Mad Dog McGurk • Feathers Galore • Burt Quackarach • Major Courage • Micro Ducks • Admiral Grimmitz • King Homer • Queen Ariel • Shawebizad • Gandra Dee • McPapa • McMama • Robotica • Beagle Boys • Ma Beagle • Pete • Flintheart Glomgold • Phantom Blot • Dijon • Argus McSwine • Magica De Spell • Minima De Spell • Poe De Spell • El Capitan • Joaquin Slowly • Merlock the Magician • Cinnamon Teal • Dracula Duck • Dr. NoGood • Millionara Vanderbucks • Fritter O'Way • Lawrence Loudmouth • Bruno Von Beak • Armstrong • The Sirens • Circe • Harpies • Yuckalinda • Queen Griselda • Djinni • Terra-Firmie King • Overlord Bulovan • Solego • GICU-2 • Magica's Shadow • The Fear Demons 2017 series: Della Duck • Lena • Captain Peghook • Manny the Headless Man-Horse • Pixiu • Gabby McStabberson • Hack and Slash Smashnikov • Roxanne Featherly • Toad Liu Hai • Mark Beaks • Falcon Graves • Amunet • Sabaf • Toth-Ra • Zeus • Selene • Storkules • Briar and Bramble • Darkwing Duck • Gosalyn Mallard • Megavolt • Don Karnage • Quackerjack • Liquidator • José Carioca • Panchito Pistoles • Fethry Duck • John D. Rockerduck • Jeeves • Gavin • Grandpappy Beagle • Violet Sabrewing • Unicorn • Paddywhack • Negaduck • Daisy Duck • Goofy • Chip and Dale • Monterey Jack • Zipper • Gadget Hackwrench • Kit Cloudkicker • Taurus Bulba • Molly Cunningham • Lieutenant Penumbra • General Lunaris • Neighbor Jones • Steelbeak Episodes 1987 series Season One: " The Treasure of the Golden Suns " • " Send in the Clones " • " Sphinx for the Memories " • " Where No Duck Has Gone Before " • " Armstrong " • " Robot Robbers " • " Magica's Shadow War " • " Master of the Djinni " • " Hotel Strangeduck " • " Lost Crown of Genghis Khan " • " Duckman of Aquatraz " • " The Money Vanishes " • " Sir Gyro de Gearloose " • " Dinosaur Ducks " • " Hero for Hire " • " Superdoo! " • " Maid of the Myth " • " Down and Out in Duckburg " • " Much Ado About Scrooge " • " Top Duck " • " Pearl of Wisdom " • " The Curse of Castle McDuck " • " Launchpad's Civil War " • " Sweet Duck of Youth " • " Earth Quack " • " Home Sweet Homer " • " Bermuda Triangle Tangle " • " Micro Ducks from Outer Space " • " Back to the Klondike " • " Horse Scents " • " Scrooge's Pet " • " Catch as Cash Can " • " Merit-Time Adventure " • " The Golden Fleecing " • " Ducks of the West " • " Time Teasers " • " Back Out in the Outback " • " Raiders of the Lost Harp " • " The Right Duck " • " Scroogerello " • " Double-O-Duck " • " Luck o' the Ducks " • " Duckworth's Revolt " • " Magica's Magic Mirror " • " Take Me Out of the Ballgame " • " Duck to the Future " • " Jungle Duck " • " Launchpad's First Crash " • " Dime Enough for Luck " • " Duck in the Iron Mask " • " The Uncrashable Hindentanic " • " The Status Seekers " • " Nothing to Fear " • " Dr. McDuck " • " Once Upon a Dime " • " Spies in Their Eyes " • " All Ducks on Deck " • " Ducky Horror Picture Show " • " Till Nephews Do Us Part " Season Two: " Time is Money " • " Super DuckTales " Season Three: " The Land of Trala La " • " Allowance Day " • " Bubbeo & Juliet " • " The Good Muddahs " • " My Mother the Psychic " • " Metal Attraction " • " Dough Ray Me " • " Bubba's Big Brainstorm " • " The Big Flub " • " A Case of Mistaken Secret Identity " • " Blue Collar Scrooge " • " Beaglemania " • " Yuppy Ducks " • " The Bride Wore Stripes " • " The Unbreakable Bin " • " Attack of the Fifty-Foot Webby " • " The Masked Mallard " • " A DuckTales Valentine " Season Four: " Ducky Mountain High " • " Attack of the Metal Mites " • " The Duck Who Knew Too Much " • " New Gizmo-Kids on the Block " • " Scrooge's Last Adventure " • " The Golden Goose " 2017 series Season One: " Woo-oo! " • " Daytrip of Doom! " • " The Great Dime Chase! " • " The Beagle Birthday Massacre! " • " Terror of the Terra-firmians! " • " The House of the Lucky Gander! " • " The Infernal Internship of Mark Beaks! " • " The Living Mummies of Toth-Ra! " • " The Impossible Summit of Mt. Neverrest! " • " The Spear of Selene! " • " Beware the B. System! " • " The Missing Links of Moorshire! " • " McMystery at McDuck McManor! " • " JAW$! " • " The Golden Lagoon of White Agony Plains! " • " Day of the Only Child! " • " From the Confidential Casefiles of Agent 22! " • " Who is Gizmoduck?! " • " The Other Bin of Scrooge McDuck! " • " Sky the Sky! " • " The Secret(s) of Castle McDuck! " • " The Last Crash of the Sunchaser! " • " The Shadow War! " Season Two: " The Most Dangerous! " • " The Depths of Cousin Fethry! " • " The Ballad of Duke Baloney! " • " The Town Where Everyone Was Nice! " • " Storkules in Duckburg! " • " Last Christmas! " • " What Ever Happened to Della Duck?! " • " Treasure of the Found Lamp! " • " The 87 Cent Solution! " • " The Golden Spear! " • " Nothing Can Stop Della Duck! " • " Raiders of the Doomsday Vault! " • " Friendship Hates Magic! " • " The Dangerous Chemistry of Gandra Dee! " • " The Duck Knight Returns! " • " What Ever Happened to Donald Duck?! " • " Happy Birthday, Doofus Drake! " • " A Nightmare on Killmotor Hill! " • " The Golden Armory of Cornelius Coot! " • " Timephoon! " • " GlomTales! " • " The Richest Duck in the World! " • " Moonvasion! " Locations Duckburg • Atlantis • The Money Bin • McDuck Manor • Castle McDuck • Fountain of Youth • Scotland • Notre Duck • Valley of the Golden Suns • St. Canard • Cape Suzette Organizations Air Pirates • F. W. L. • Junior Woodchucks • S. H. S. H. Objects Number One Dime • Junior Woodchucks Guidebook • Gizmosuit • Gene's Lamp • Merlock's Talisman • Sun Coin • Sun Chaser • Harp of Troy • Millennium Shortcut • Gyro's Helicopter • Molecular Manipulator • Golden Goose • Webby's Quacky Patch Doll • Hindentanic • Magic Medallion • Ratcatcher • Jewel of Atlantis • Gummiberry Juice • Iron Vulture • Pirate Fighters • Spear of Selene • Sea Duck • Ranger Plane Songs DuckTales Theme • Three Cheers for Bubba Duck • Boogie Beagle Blues • Moon Stage Theme • Sky Pirates • The Three Caballeros See also Carl Barks • The Disney Afternoon • Darkwing Duck • Quack Pack • Disney XD (Netherlands) • Let's Go to Disneyland Paris.

Goldie Hawn Hawn in 1978 Born Goldie Jeanne Hawn November 21, 1945 (age 74) Washington, D. C., U. S. Occupation Actress, producer, singer Years active 1967–present Spouse(s) Gus Trikonis ( m.  1969; div.  1976) Bill Hudson ( m.  1976; div.  1982) Partner(s) Kurt Russell (1983–present) Children Oliver Hudson Kate Hudson Wyatt Russell Awards Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Goldie Jeanne Hawn (born November 21, 1945) is an American actress, producer, and singer. [1] She rose to fame on the NBC sketch comedy program Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (1968–70), before going on to receive the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Cactus Flower (1969). Hawn maintained bankable star status for more than three decades, while appearing in such films as There's a Girl in My Soup (1970), Butterflies Are Free (1972), The Sugarland Express (1974), Shampoo (1975), Foul Play (1978), Seems Like Old Times (1980), and Private Benjamin (1980), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for playing the title role. Hawn's later work includes starring roles in the films Overboard (1987), Bird on a Wire (1990), Death Becomes Her (1992), Housesitter (1992), The First Wives Club (1996), The Out-of-Towners (1999) and The Banger Sisters (2002). After a fifteen-year hiatus from film acting, Hawn made a brief comeback in Snatched (2017). She is the mother of actors Oliver Hudson, Kate Hudson, and Wyatt Russell, and has been in a relationship with actor Kurt Russell since 1983. In 2003, she founded The Hawn Foundation, which helps underprivileged children. Early life [ edit] Hawn was born in Washington, D. C., [1] the daughter of Laura (née Steinhoff; November 27, 1913 – November 27, 1993), a jewelry shop/dance school owner, and Edward Rutledge Hawn [2] [3] (September 28, 1908 – June 7, 1982), a band musician who played at major events in Washington. She was named after her mother's aunt. [4] She has one sister, entertainment publicist Patti Hawn (born March 24, 1938); their brother, Edward Jr. (born February 10, 1937) died as an infant shortly before Patti was conceived. Her father was a Presbyterian of German and English descent. Her mother was Jewish, the daughter of emigrants from Hungary. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] Hawn was raised Jewish. [4] [5] [11] [12] She was raised in Takoma Park, Maryland, [13] and attended Montgomery Blair High School in nearby Silver Spring, Maryland. [14] Hawn began taking ballet and tap dance lessons at the age of three and danced in the corps de ballet of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo production of The Nutcracker in 1955. She made her stage debut in 1964, playing Juliet in a Virginia Shakespeare Festival production of Romeo and Juliet. [15] By 1964, she ran and taught in a ballet school, having dropped out of American University where she was majoring in drama. In 1964, Hawn made her professional dancing debut in a production of Can-Can at the Texas Pavilion of the New York World's Fair. She began working as a professional dancer a year later and appeared as a go-go dancer in New York City [4] and at the Peppermint Box in New Jersey. [13] Career [ edit] 1960s [ edit] Hawn moved to California to dance in a show at a theater across from Disneyland. [13] Hawn began her acting career as a cast member of the short-lived CBS situation comedy Good Morning World during the 1967–68 television season, her role being that of the girlfriend of a radio disc jockey, with a stereotypical " dumb blonde " personality. [4] Her next role, which brought her to international attention, was also as a dumb blonde, as one of the regular cast members on the 1968–1973 sketch comedy show, Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In. On the show, she would often break out into high-pitched giggles in the middle of a joke, and deliver a polished performance a moment after. Noted equally for her chipper attitude as for her bikini-attired and painted body, Hawn was seen as something of a 1960s "It" girl. [16] Her Laugh-In persona was parlayed into three popular film appearances in the late 1960s and early 1970s: Cactus Flower, There's a Girl in My Soup, and Butterflies Are Free. Hawn had made her feature film debut in a bit role as a giggling dancer in the 1968 film The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band, in which she was billed as "Goldie Jeanne", but in her first major film role, in Cactus Flower (1969), she won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress as Walter Matthau 's suicidal fiancée. That same year she appeared in NBC 's The Spring Thing a musical television special hosted by Bobbie Gentry and Noel Harrison. Other guests included were Meredith MacRae, Irwin C. Watson, Rod McKuen, Shirley Bassey, and Harpers Bizarre. [17] 1970s [ edit] After Hawn's Academy Award win, her film career took off. She starred in a string of above average and successful comedies starting with There's a Girl in My Soup (1970), $ (1971), and Butterflies Are Free (1972). She continued proving herself in the dramatic league with the 1974 satirical dramas The Girl from Petrovka and The Sugarland Express, and Shampoo in 1975. She also hosted two television specials: Pure Goldie in 1971 and The Goldie Hawn Special in 1978. The latter was a sort of comeback for Hawn, who had been out of the spotlight for two years since the 1976 release of The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox, while she was focusing on her marriage and the birth of her son. On the special she performed show tunes and comedy bits alongside comic legend George Burns, teen matinee idol Shaun Cassidy, television star John Ritter (during his days on Three's Company), and even the Harlem Globetrotters joined her for a montage. The special later went on to be nominated for a primetime Emmy. Four months later the film Foul Play (with Chevy Chase), was released and became a box office smash, reviving Hawn's film career. The plot centered around an innocent woman in San Francisco who becomes mixed up in an assassination plot. Hawn's next film, Mario Monicelli 's Lovers and Liars (1979), was a box office bomb. In 1972 Hawn recorded and released a solo country LP for Warner Brothers, titled Goldie. It was recorded with the help of Dolly Parton and Buck Owens. AllMusic gives the album a favorable review, calling it a "sweetly endearing country-tinged middle of the road pop record". [18] 1980s [ edit] Hawn's popularity continued into the 1980s, starting with another primetime variety special alongside actress and singer Liza Minnelli, Goldie and Liza Together (1980), which was nominated for four Emmy Awards. In the same year, Hawn took the lead role in Private Benjamin, a comedy she co-produced with her friend Nancy Meyers, who co-wrote the script. Meyers recalls Hawn's reaction when she first described the idea for the story with Hawn as its lead: It was like watching the greatest audience I've ever seen. She laughed and then she got real emotional and her eyes would fill up with tears. She loved the image of herself in an Army uniform and she loved what the movie had to say. [19] Private Benjamin also stars Eileen Brennan and Armand Assante and garnered Hawn her second Academy Award nomination, this time for Best Actress. [4] [20] Hawn's box office success continued with comedies like Seems Like Old Times (1980), written by Neil Simon; Best Friends (1982), written by Valerie Curtin and Barry Levinson; Protocol (1984), co-written by Nancy Meyers; Wildcats (1986)—Hawn also served as executive producer on the latter two; and the World War II romantic drama Swing Shift (1984). At the age of thirty-nine, Hawn posed for the cover of Playboy 's January 1985 issue and was the subject of the Playboy Interview. [21] Her last film of the 1980s was opposite partner Kurt Russell, for the third time, in the comedy Overboard (1987). 1990s [ edit] In 1990 she starred in the action comedy Bird on a Wire, a critically panned but commercially successful picture that paired Hawn with Mel Gibson. Hawn had mixed success in the early 1990s, with the thriller Deceived (1991), the drama CrissCross and opposite Bruce Willis and Meryl Streep in Death Becomes Her (both 1992). Earlier that year, she starred in Housesitter, a screwball comedy with Steve Martin, which was a commercial success. Hawn was absent from the screen for four years while caring for her mother who died of cancer in 1994. [4] Hawn made her entry back into film as producer of the satirical comedy Something to Talk About starring Julia Roberts and Dennis Quaid and made her directorial debut in the television film Hope (1997) starring Christine Lahti and Jena Malone. [4] Hawn returned to the screen again in 1996 as the aging, alcoholic actress Elise Elliot in the financially and critically successful The First Wives Club, opposite Bette Midler and Diane Keaton, with whom she covered the Lesley Gore hit " You Don't Own Me " for the film's soundtrack. Hawn also performed a cover version of the Beatles ' song, “ A Hard Day's Night ", on George Martin 's 1998 album, In My Life. She also starred in Woody Allen's musical Everyone Says I Love You (1996) and reunited with Steve Martin for the comedy The Out-of-Towners (1999), a remake of the 1970 Neil Simon hit. The film was critically panned and was not successful at the box office. [22] [23] In 1997, Hawn, along with her co-stars from The First Wives Club, Diane Keaton and Bette Midler, received the Women in Film Crystal Awards. [24] In 1999, she was awarded Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year. [25] 2000s [ edit] In 2001 Hawn was reunited with former co-stars Warren Beatty (her co-star in $ and Shampoo) and Diane Keaton for the comedy Town & Country, a critical and financial fiasco. Budgeted at an estimated US$90 million, the film opened to little notice and grossed only $7 million in its North American theatrical release. [26] In 2002, she starred in The Banger Sisters, opposite Susan Sarandon and Geoffrey Rush, her last live action film for fifteen years. In 2005 Hawn's autobiography, A Lotus Grows in the Mud, was published. 2010s [ edit] In 2013, Hawn guest-starred, along with Gordon Ramsay, in an episode of Phineas and Ferb, in which she provided the voice of neighbor Peggy McGee. [27] [28] In 2017, Hawn returned to the big screen for the first time since 2002, co-starring with Amy Schumer in the comedy Snatched, playing mother and daughter. [29] [30] [31] [32] In 2018, Hawn portrayed Mrs. Claus in the Netflix film The Christmas Chronicles. [33] Personal life [ edit] Hawn has studied meditation. In a 2012 interview, she stated, "I don't think of myself as a Buddhist. I was born Jewish, and I consider that my religion. " She also stated, "It's not the idea of a particular religion that's important; it's the development of a spiritual life. " [34] Hawn is a supporter of the LGBT community. Speaking on nations such as Nigeria and others which have criminalized gay people, she denounced these laws, stating, "This is man's inhumanity to man, of the first order. " [35] Relationships and family [ edit] Hawn's pre-fame boyfriends included actor Mark Goddard and Crooner Spiro Venduras. [36] Her first husband was dancer (later director) Gus Trikonis, who appeared as a Shark in West Side Story. They married on May 16, 1969 in Honolulu, Hawaii and separated on April 9, 1973. [37] [38] Hawn then dated stuntman Ted Grossman, [39] Swedish actor Bruno Wintzell [39] and Italian actor Franco Nero, [40] but did not file for divorce from Trikonis until New Year's Eve 1975, after becoming engaged to musician Bill Hudson of the Hudson Brothers, whom she met the previous summer on a first-class flight from New York to L. A. [41] Hawn was granted a divorce in June 1976 and married Hudson on July 3, 1976 in Takoma Park, Maryland. [42] They had two children, son Oliver (born September 7, 1976) and daughter Kate (born April 19, 1979). Hudson filed for divorce on August 15, 1980. [43] Hawn's next romances were with French actor Yves Rénier, [44] television star Tom Selleck [45] and Moroccan businessman Victor Drai. [46] The divorce from Hudson was finalized in March 1982. [47] Hawn has been in a relationship with actor Kurt Russell since Valentine's Day 1983. [48] The couple first met while filming The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band in 1966, but became involved after re-connecting on the set of Swing Shift. They have a son, Wyatt (born July 10, 1986). [49] Hawn is also the de facto stepmother of Russell and Season Hubley 's son Boston. In 2000 and again in 2004, news outlets reported that Hawn and Russell were on the verge of breaking up. [50] [51] [52] [53] During the alleged separations, Hawn was linked to newsman Charles Glass and Pakistani cricketer and politician Imran Khan. [54] [55] Hawn and Russell, who celebrated 35 years together in 2018, own homes in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; [56] Snowmass Village, Colorado; [57] Manhattan, New York; [58] Brentwood; [59] and Palm Desert, California. [60] The Hawn Foundation [ edit] In 2003 Hawn founded the Hawn Foundation, a non-profit organization which provides youth education programs intended to improve academic performance through "life-enhancing strategies for well-being". [61] [62] The Hawn Foundation has supported research studies conducted by external researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of its educational program for children, called MindUP. [63] Filmography [ edit] Year Title Role Notes 1967–68 Good Morning World Sandy Kramer TV series (20 episodes) 1968–70 Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In Goldie (regular performer) TV series (64 episodes) 1968 The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band Giggly Girl Credited as "Goldie Jeanne" 1969 The Sidehackers Spectator Uncredited role; [ citation needed] alternatively titled Five the Hard Way Cactus Flower Toni Simmons 1970 There's a Girl in My Soup Marion 1971 $ Dawn Divine Also known as Dollars, and in the UK as The Heist 1972 Butterflies Are Free Jill Tanner 1974 The Sugarland Express Lou Jean Poplin The Girl from Petrovka Oktyabrina 1975 Shampoo Jill Haynes 1976 The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox Amanda Quaid/Duchess Swansbury 1978 Foul Play Gloria Mundy 1979 Lovers and Liars Anita Originally titled Viaggio con Anita 1980 Private Benjamin Pvt. Judy Benjamin Also executive producer Seems Like Old Times Glenda Gardenia Parks 1982 Best Friends Paula McCullen 1984 Swing Shift Kay Walsh Protocol Sunny Davis 1986 Wildcats Molly McGrath 1987 Overboard Joanna Stayton / Annie Proffitt 1990 Bird on a Wire Marianne Graves My Blue Heaven N/A Executive producer 1991 Deceived Adrienne Saunders 1992 CrissCross Tracy Cross Housesitter Gwen Duncle / Buckley / Phillips Death Becomes Her Helen Sharp 1995 Something to Talk About 1997 Hope Director and executive producer; TV movie 1996 The First Wives Club Elise Elliot Everyone Says I Love You Steffi Dandridge Space Ghost Coast to Coast Herself TV seies (Episode: " Pavement ") 1999 The Out-of-Towners Nancy Clark 2001 Town & Country Mona Morris When Billie Beat Bobby Executive producer; TV movie 2002 The Matthew Shepard Story The Banger Sisters Suzette 2012 Hot Flash Havoc Narrator Documentary 2013 Phineas and Ferb Peggy McGee (voice) TV series (Episode: " Thanks But No Thanks ") 2017 Snatched Linda Middleton SPF-18 2018 The Christmas Chronicles Mrs. Claus Cameo Discography [ edit] Albums [ edit] 1972, Goldie, Reprise Records: MS 2061 Singles [ edit] 1972, "Pitta Patta", Reprise Records: REP 1126 (directed by Van Dyke Parks) 1997, "You Don't Own Me", Columbia Records: XPCD842 (with Bette Midler and Diane Keaton) Awards and nominations [ edit] Nominated work Association Category Result Academy Awards Best Supporting Actress [64] Won Golden Globe Awards Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture [65] Cactus Flower / There's a Girl in My Soup BAFTA Awards Best Actress in a Leading Role Nominated Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy [65] Golden Globe Awards [65] Best Actress [66] National Society of Film Critics Best Actress New York Film Critics National Board of Review Best Cast Satellite Awards Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Hollywood Walk of Fame Motion Pictures [67] Inducted Further reading [ edit] Hawn, Goldie (2005). A Lotus Grows in the Mud. G. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN   0399152857. Wilson, Christopher (1999). Absolutely... Goldie: A Biography. Harper Collins. ISBN   0002570181. Shapiro, Marc (1998). Pure Goldie: The Life and Career of Goldie Hawn. Citadel. ISBN   1559724676. References [ edit] ^ a b "Goldie Hawn Biography: Actress (1945–)". ( FYI / A&E Networks). Archived from the original on December 24, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2016. ^ "Edward Rutledge Hawn, 73, Leader of Godfrey Orchestra".. June 10, 1982. Retrieved May 5, 2017. ^ "Goldie Hawn Biography". Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2016. ^ a b c d e f g Stated in Hawn interview on Inside the Actors Studio, 2008 ^ a b Hawn, Goldie (March 6, 2012). Woman's Hour. BBC Radio. Event occurs at 10:17. Retrieved March 6, 2012. I'm Jewish.... I've studied Buddhism. I've studied Christian faith. I've studied Sufi. I am a great believer in looking at all religions, comparative religions... I am not a JewBu. I am actually born to Jewish mother and I was raised Jewish but my father was Presbyterian so I also went to Presbyterian church. ^ Achath, Sati (June 2011). Hollywood Celebrities: Basic Things You've Always Wanted to Know - Sati Achath - Google Books. ISBN   9781463411572. Retrieved May 5, 2017. ^ Groskop, Viv (March 4, 2012). "Goldie Hawn: Hollywood's happiness guru". The Guardian. Retrieved May 17, 2018. ^ Ryan, James (December 1, 1996). "Hawn in Her Golden Years: Forever Blond, Forever Smart". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2018. ^ White, Timothy (March 5, 1981). "Private Goldie". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 17, 2018. ^ Gibson, Charity (May 13, 2017). "Goldie Hawn on Son's Near Death Experience: 'I Asked God... Heal My Son ' ". The Christian Post. Retrieved May 17, 2018. ^ Hawn in Caldwell, Deborah (August 2005). "Goldie: Buddhist, Jew, Jesus Freak".. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2016. ^ "Goldie Hawn A Wallflower? ". CBS News. April 28, 2005. ^ a b c Hudson, Kate (April 27, 2017). "Goldie Hawn". Interview. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017. ^ Williams, Christian (October 22, 1980). "Goldie in The Fishbowl". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 28, 2018. ^ "'Romeo and Juliet' Performance a Hit, " Daily Press (Newport News, Virginia), August 18, 1964. ^ Heyman, Marshall (May 17, 2017). "Solid Goldie: Goldie Hawn Is Back and Better Than Ever". Harper's Bazaar. Retrieved March 21, 2018. ^ Terrace, Vincent (June 6, 2013). Television Specials: 5, 336 Entertainment Programs, 1936-2012, 2d ed. McFarland. ISBN   9781476612409. ^ Mason, Stewart. "Goldie: Review". AllMusic. Retrieved November 2, 2009. ^ Schneck, Dale. "Friendship with Goldie Hawn led to 'Private Benjamin'", The Morning Call (Allentown, PA), Nov. 5, 1980 ^ "Private Benjamin - 1980 Trailer". August 2, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2017 – via YouTube. ^ Hawn on the cover of Playboy magazine, January 1985 ^ "The Out-Of-Towners (1999)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 24, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2010. ^ "The Out-of-Towners". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 29, 2010. ^ "Past Recipients". Archived from the original on June 30, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2011. ^ "The Pudding & the Pot". Harvard Gazette. President and Fellows of Harvard College. February 18, 1999. Retrieved March 25, 2016. ^ Review of Town & Country, Rotten Tomatoes ^ "Exclusive: Hawn Gets Animated For 'Phineas & Ferb ' ". Entertainment Tonight. September 12, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2016. ^ "Goldie Hawn to voice character on 'Phineas and Ferb ' ". United Press International. Retrieved April 20, 2016. ^ Sands, Nicole (March 26, 2016). "Goldie Hawn: Amy Schumer's mother-daughter comedy 'going to be a blast ' ". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 20, 2016. ^ McNary, Dave (February 8, 2016). "Goldie Hawn in Talks to Play Amy Schumer's Mom in Fox Comedy". Variety. Retrieved April 20, 2016. ^ Barsanti, Sam (February 8, 2016). "Goldie Hawn might play Amy Schumer's mom in Mother/Daughter". The A. V. Club. Retrieved April 20, 2016. ^ Gardner, Chris (April 1, 2016). "Why Goldie Hawn Joined Amy Schumer in a Mother-Daughter Comedy". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 20, 2016. ^ Truitt, Brian (November 23, 2018). "Spoilers! Kurt Russell reveals his Mrs. Claus from Netflix's 'Christmas Chronicles ' ". USA Today. Retrieved November 29, 2019. ^ Goldie Hawn happiness and meditation tips, Prevention ^ Goldie Hawn: Acceptance Of Gay Rights is 'Inevitable'. HuffPost Live. Davos: Huffington Post. January 23, 2014. Event occurs at 2:34. Retrieved March 25, 2016. ^ Wilson, Christopher (1999). Absolutely Goldie. ISBN   0002570181. ^ Lyse, John (July 27, 1969). Super Stardom Forecast for Goldie Hawn. Toledo Blade. ^ "Goldie wants divorce". San Antonio Express. Associated Press. January 2, 1976. ^ a b Beck, Marilyn (January 16, 1974). Hollywood Closeup, The Milwaukee Journal; accessed May 4, 2017. ^ Jack O'Brian (September 8, 1975). Goldie and Vanessa's Oldie. Lebanon Daily News ^ Armstrong, Lois (May 17, 1976). She's Golden: With Motherhood and a New Husband on the Way, Life Is a Laugh-In for Goldie Hawn, People; accessed May 4, 2017. ^ Jerry Stack (July 9, 1976). "Celebrities Capture Crazy Benefit Tilt". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. ^ "Goldie's Husband Wants Divorce". The Virgin Islands Daily News. September 4, 1980. ^ Luchina Fisher (March 13, 2012). "Goldie Hawn: Still Kicking at 66". Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ Liz Smith (June 9, 1981). "Tom Selleck and Goldie Hawn are sizzling new lovebirds". Weekly World News. ^ Liz Smith (December 15, 1981). "Best of the Gossip Columns". Weekly World News. ^ Lanford Beard (2005). E! True Hollywood Story: the Real Stories Behind the Glitter. Chamberlain Bros. p.  354. ISBN   159609091X. ^ ^ "Goldie Hawn, Kurt Russell have son". The Milwaukee Journal. July 10, 1986. Retrieved October 23, 2010. ^ "Goldie crisis as Kurt is caught in vice shame". December 1, 2000. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ "Goldie Hawn: Why she left longtime partner Kurt Russell". Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ "Rumours fly that Goldie and Kurt are to call it quits". the Guardian. March 12, 2001. Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ "Have Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell split? ; Vincent D'Onofrio passes out on set; Claudia Schiffer gives birth". November 11, 2004. Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ "OFF THE RECORD: Goldie finds new lover; She dumps cheat Kurt for TV chum. - Free Online Library".. Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ "Movie & TV News @ - WENN". November 17, 2004. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004. Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ Diamond, Jamie (February 20, 2003). "At Home with: Kurt Russell and Goldie Hawn; Leather, Lace and Plenty of Ice". Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ "Passionate Pursuits". Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ "Look Inside Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell's Light-Filled Manhattan Home - Architectural Digest". Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ Lowe, Lindsay. "See Inside! Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell Sell Their California Mansion for $7 Million". Retrieved May 28, 2018. ^ Meeks, Eric G. (2012). Palm Springs Celebrity Homes: Little Tuscany, Racquet Club, Racquet Club Estates and Desert Park Estates Neighborhoods (Kindle). Horatio Limburger Oglethorpe. p. 452 (location number). ASIN   B00A2PXD1G. ^ About Us Archived December 8, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Hawn Foundation ^ "Goldie Hawn: How Her Foundation Is Supporting Our Youth".. July 31, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2017. ^ Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Lawlor, M. (2010). "The effects of a mindfulness-based education program on pre-and early adolescents' well-being and social and emotional competence" (PDF). Mindfulness. 1 (3): 137–151. doi: 10. 1007/s12671-010-0011-8. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) [ permanent dead link] ^ "THE 42ND ACADEMY AWARDS 1970".. Retrieved August 31, 2015. ^ a b c d e f g h "Goldie Hawn". Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved August 31, 2015. ^ "THE 53RD ACADEMY AWARDS 1981".. Retrieved August 31, 2015. ^ "Walk of Fame Stars: Goldie Hawn".. Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2017. External links [ edit] Goldie Hawn on IMDb Goldie Hawn at the TCM Movie Database Goldie Hawn at The Hawn Foundation Goldie Hawn interview on BBC Radio 4 Desert Island Discs, September 23, 2012 Videos [ edit] "The Films of Goldie Hawn" on YouTube, movie clips "Hawn: From 'Cactus Flower' to 'Lotus'" USA Today (May 4, 2005) "Goldie Hawn A Wallflower? ". 60 Minutes. CBS News (May 1, 2005) "Goldie Hawn's '10 Mindful Minutes' for Children". ABC News. September 9, 2011. Archived from the original on January 3, 2012. Retrieved July 14, 2012.

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After spending several years working on his production skills at Reinforced Records (the home of 4hero), he founded Metalheadz Records, which released seminal dark yet intelligent singles by Source Direct, Photek, J. Majik, Optical, Lemon D, Wax Doctor, and Peshay, among others. In 1995, Goldie released Timeless, one of jungle's first and best full-length works of art. The album put him squarely at the top of the drum'n'bass heap -- at least in the minds of critics and mainstream listeners -- though his follow-up, SaturnzReturn, displayed an ambitious, personal side of Goldie hardly in keeping with jungle's producer mentality. A native of Walsall, England, Goldie was born to a Scottish-Jamaican couple and put up for adoption. He bounced around child-care homes and several sets of foster parents during his childhood years, and became fascinated with the rise of hip-hop, breakdancing, and graffiti art. 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During all of this my friend was brought down by the feeling of not being enough for his wife, as he dreamed of being the provider she needed, and she had some expensive tastes. I supported him, sometimes lending money, and all the time listening. He would also listen to my confessions of my problems all the time. It was a great support system. They were extremely stressed, the house needed a lot of upkeep and the wife had a lot of expectations about how their life should be lived. To be fair, in addition to her academic career she has started a business to support them. But it was weird, they once came to me to borrow money for new stock and I enquired why they haven’t kept some of proceedings from the last batch to buy new stock and she said she had to spend the money elsewhere. In many cases of such getting themselves into a corner they would come to me to ask to borrow money. They would pay me back, quite reluctantly as they always had ongoing necessary expenses, but they would finally pay back. The expenses were often disputable, for example once the wife requested they put actual brick wall around the house and garden so nobody can peer in so she would get more privacy. Everyone else on the street is OK with a chainlink fence, but she had to have the expensive wall. The friend always ensured me that this is the last major expense and they will get their shit together, and that never happened. After the wall, they had to remodel the kitchen, and then something and then… I got the feeling that they lifestyle is unsustainable and was more and more reluctant to help them. Somewhen about the wall stuff my friend got this idea that psychedelics would cure his constant depression. And around that time he would start promising stuff and don’t deliver. First he asked me for help in getting cannabis seeds that he would plant to get his own weed to smoke for his anxiety. He promised me that if I help him with it, half of the crop would be mine. I’m not that big of a stoner but free weed is free weed so I helped him and he got some seeds. Next two years were excuses why he can’t plant them, until the whole thing was forgotten, and he switched his mind to getting ahold of acid for the anxiety and depression. We’ll get back to that later. In the meantime he tried to start a business in artistic furniture making. I lent him some money for tools and material (I think he paid me back) and while talking about it he offered to make me some furniture after I have shown him what I liked (I didn’t ask him, he just said „if you like this, I’ll make this for you”). Guess what, the next year or two he just invented reasons why he can’t do it, until the wife decided she doesn’t like the furniture making business as it is too pedestrian for her. She was constantly working on her academic career too, and he was looking for a job that would support her. For a while he even moved to my city and lived for three months in my living room working here. Otherwise we would see each other rarely, and usually only after I put in some effort like visiting them. I would always invite them to participate in my life and one of such occasions was my birthday party ten years ago. It was unusual that they came to the party but I was happy about it. I had a big circle of friends in the big city and the houseparty was energetic and crowded. As one of the gifts I got a very controversial book which made me happy as I wanted to read it. After I got it, the friend’s wife pestered me for the whole party that she wanted to borrow the book. Every time I replied „sure, after I read it” and she would express that she wanted it right now. I refused because I would not see the book for the next year probably as we met that rarely and mostly talked over the internet. When they were leaving the party and we were to say the goodbyes I noticed that the book was missing from the place I put it. I stood in front of the wife with my hand stretched out and after long fussing, joking and playing the situation like she’s the one that needs it more, she reached into her purse and gave me the book back, acting like I was the bad one. I let it slide. Remember that my friend got the idea of psychedelics would help him? Three years after the book situation I was offered some LSD. I was curious about it too so I told him I’d visit them as they have a walled house with lots of privacy, and take the acid with him, but we need someone to watch over us. He said the wife agreed to do it if I would do her a favour. She was involved in some university politics and since I was a journalist, I was to call the university where she was working to enquire about an academic (her) being unfairly treated by the higher ups. I reluctantly agreed to do it, but I was busy with other things. The friend called me a week later and was fussy asking why I haven’t done the call yet. I did the call, nothing came from it as the dean did not want to talk about the issue. I then wrote her a email stating that was over the line to ask me for something like that and she was always playing the situation so that everybody would do her bidding, as the book incident has shown. She took that badly and said that she would not help with the acid trip and that I insulted her. Shortly later my friend took the acid (I gave it to him before) with his wife. It didn’t help with his anxiety, nor depression. There’s more but this is too long anyway, so I’ll get to the present. A few weeks ago I was talking with the friend and he stated that I’m always getting in conflicts with people like with his wife. I pointed out that she was acting unreasonable and crossing my boundaries, and she practically attempted to steal my book. He got fussy and said he was talking about the general issue and he feels I want to avoid taking the blame by focusing on a single incident. I said that without him judging what his wife did about the book we cannot continue this conversation. I did not want an apology (it would be nice, though), I did not want him to do anything. I just wanted for him to openly state what he thought about his wife behaviour, was it right or wrong? We haven’t talked in two weeks. Is it worth to reach out? I have lost my enthusiasm to him as I now perceive him as manipulative and untrustworthy. TLDR: my friend of 25 years fails on promises and refuses to admit that his wife acted badly towards me. How to proceed? Is it worth salvaging?

Plot: Alan is a stylish tailor with moves as sharp as his suits. He has spent years searching tirelessly for his missing son Michael who stormed out over a game of scrabble. With a body to identify and his family torn apart, Alan must repair the relationship with his youngest son Peter and solve the mystery of an online player who he thinks could be Michael, so he can finally move on and reunite his family. Also Known As: Triple Word, Sometimes Always Never, Triple Word Score, Иногда всегда никогда, A szavak ereje, Bazen Daima Asla.

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This is gonna be my new favourite horror film. Never rarely sometimes always free watch full. Never Rarely Sometimes Always Free watch tv. Looks surprisingly really good. Never rarely sometimes always free watch series. Never Rarely Sometimes Always Free watchers. Never rarely sometimes always free watching. Finally. he knows what we want. Now we must wait for the fabled line. Never rarely sometimes always free watch show. Josh : makes valid accusation with 10 iq and finally speak for once Everyone : lets kill josh Josh : am i a joke to you. YouTube. What are adverbs of frequency? Adverbs of frequency are used to say how often we do things or how often things happen. Here are some common adverbs of frequency (in order from most frequent to least frequent): always (do 100% of the time - e. g. She always drinks coffee in the morning. ) almost always / nearly always often usually / frequently sometimes (do approximatley 40%-60% of the time - e. I sometimes go for a walk in the evening. ) occasionally rarely / seldom hardly ever / almost never never (do 0% of the time - e. He never passes his English test. ) Adverb position An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb in a sentence: I often play tennis on Sundays. (subject + adverb + main verb) However, the exception is when the sentence contains the verb ' to be '. In this case it goes after the verb: I am usually hungry after school. (subject + to be + adverb) In addition, when there is an auxiliary verb (e. have, will, must, might, could, would, can, etc. ), the adverb is placed between the auxiliary verb and the main verb. She can almost always beat her brother at chess. (subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb) These adverbs of freqnecy can also be used at the beginning of a sentence: Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally Sometimes, I go shopping on Sundays. ( adverb + subject + main verb) Notes: In this lesson students will practice saying adverbs of frequency to indicate how often they do certain activities. It is an action-packed lesson with lots of fun action activities. IMPORTANT: This lesson reviews vocabulary and structures from the Days of the Week lesson, so be sure to have taught it before this one. Lesson Procedure: Warm Up and Maintenance: See our " Warm Up & Wrap Up " page. New Learning and Practice: 1. Review days of the week and play ball toss To begin, get everybody standing up and toss a ball to a student who tosses it to another student and so on around the class – let everyone have fun for a minute throwing the ball around the class and trying not to let it drop on the floor. Next, have a student toss the ball to you and as you catch it shout “Monday”. Toss the ball to another student and encourage him/her to shout “Tuesday” as they catch it. Continue with the days of the week being shouted out in the correct order, going around the class. If the ball is dropped or the wrong day is said you must start again with Monday. Set a target of 3 or 4 fast rounds without mistakes or dropping the ball. 2. Discuss the best day of the week Get everyone to sit down. Write on the top of the board “The best day of the week is” and ask the class for their answers. Most probably it will be Saturday or Sunday. Take a vote for the most popular answer and write this on the board, for example: The best day of the week is Saturday Next, ask why it is the best day of the week and encourage students to shout out answers. Write the things they do on the board as they are shouted out, for example: 3. Introduce the adverbs of frequency Choose one of the activities on the board, such as “I go shopping with friends”. In the space on the right-side of the board write “On Saturdays, I _________ go shopping with friends”. Then under this, draw a vertical line with 0% at the bottom and 100% at the top to make a frequency chart, as follows: Then point to yourself and point at the 0% and shake your head to indicate that you never go shopping with friends on Saturdays. Next, get a few volunteers to come up to the board and point on the vertical line where their answer would be (e. around 50% for sometimes, 70% for often, etc. ). At this point we’ll add the frequency adverbs to the chart. Before class, prepare cards with the adverbs of frequency written on them (always, almost always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely, hardly ever, almost never, never). Put the “never” card at 0% on the board. Say “I never go shopping with friends on Saturdays”. Give the rest of the cards to different students and ask them, one-by-one, to come to the board and place them where they think they would go on the chart. As each student guesses, get everyone to help by saying “higher! ” or “lower! ”. Keep having students come up to the board with their cards until you have a completed chart: Go around the class asking everyone to say how often the go shopping using the full structure (e. “On Saturdays, I often go shopping with friends. ”) Put students into small groups of 3 or 4 and get them to say how often they do all the activities written on the board. Circulate and help out with mistakes. Finish by asking a few students some questions, for example, Teacher: Frank, how often do you go swimming on Saturdays? Student: On Saturdays, I hardly ever go swimming. Teacher: Good job! Helen, how often do you sleep in on Saturdays? Student: On Saturdays, I always sleep in. etc. 4. Do the "Adverbs of frequency questionnaire" Put students in pairs. Give out the A/B pair worksheets and allow a couple of minutes for everyone to check for vocabulary issues. Then start the activity - everyone asks their partners the questions from the questionnaire and records their answers. At the end, have your students tell the class about their partners. 5. Play the “Climb the frequency ladder” game On the board write the title “Climb the ladder” and draw a ladder with 9 rungs, running from the top of the board to the bottom. Label each rung with the adverbs of frequency from today’s lesson, with “never” on the bottom rung and “always” on the top, for example: Get everyone to stand up and find a partner. Tell the class that everyone starts on the bottom rung of the ladder and to win they must reach the top rung. They do this by asking their partner questions, trying to elicit the response for the rung of the ladder they are on. For example, for the bottom rung, they must get their partner to answer “never”: Student A: How often do you cook dinner? Student B: I never cook dinner. If the answer is “never” the student moves up to the next rung (“almost never”), changes partners and asks questions to elicit the next adverb. However, if the answer is wrong, they get knocked down a rung of the ladder. They are allowed to ask questions to the same partner if they are knocked back down, but once they get to a higher rung they must change partners again. The student who gets to the top of the ladder first is the winner. 6. Read classroom reader "The Mystery of the Missing Magic Carpet" Let’s end the lesson with a fun story! Before class, download and print off the reader "The Mystery of the Missing Magic Carpet". As you go through each page, point to the pictures and elicit what everyone thinks is happening, for example: Teacher: (pointing at the picture on page 3) Oh dear, Maria doesn’t look very happy, does she? What do you think is wrong? Student: Her pencil is on the floor? Teacher: Yes, it is on the floor. But why is Maria unhappy? Student: Did you lose her pencil? Teacher: Maybe! Let’s check (reading …) “This was strange. I hardly ever lose things. Last year, I lost a pencil but that is the only thing I have ever lost. ” Yes, you are right! Well done! Get the students really involved in the story by asking lots of questions and getting them to speculate about the story and using adverbs of frequency. After reading the story, give out a reader worksheet to each student and have everyone try to remember which adverb is used in which part of the story and fill in the answers on the worksheets. Then go quickly go through the story again, checking the answers. --- Alternatively, watch our video version of the reader (Internet connection required): Wrap Up: 1. Assign Homework: "Adverbs of frequency write" worksheet. 2. Wrap up the lesson with some ideas from our " Warm Up & Wrap Up " page.

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; Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words is a movie starring Clarence Thomas, Joe Biden, and Anita Hill. A controversial figure, loved by some, reviled by others, few know much more than a few headlines and the recollections; audience Score: 41 votes; Clarence Thomas; USA; Writers: Michael Pack. Ios created equal: clarence thomas in his own words pdf. Ios created equal: clarence thomas in his own words full. Invite him on🇳🇬🙌🏿. He's lying. Posts: 6, 835 Threads: 1, 842 Likes Received: 1, 453 in 1, 025 posts Likes Given: 2, 021 Joined: Dec 2007 Country: 02-05-2020, 01:08 PM (This post was last modified: 02-05-2020, 01:09 PM by Zedta. ) I have long admired Clarence Thomas and like the author of this article, I didn't know very much about his life and background. He has been the 'silent' one on the Supreme Court, he has never questioned from the bench, it is said. This is a nice little article about a film recently released about him. I suppose I'll have to wait and see if it turns up on Amazon Prime, or You Tube. It would be hard to get to a theater playing the film, but I'd like to hear how he took a similar political road as I did; coming from the radical left of the late '60s to a quite conservative right stance today. Interesting primer this: Article Wrote: Link to Original Article Page Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words – Trailer Few, including myself know much about Clarence Thomas beyond a few headlines and the recollections of his contentious Supreme Court confirmation battle with Anita Hill in 1991. Last Friday, a film about his life was released: Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words. In it, Justice Thomas tells his entire life’s story, looking directly at the camera, unscripted and without narration. The documentary takes the viewer through this complex and often painful life, dealing with extreme poverty, race, faith, power, jurisprudence and personal resilience. Justice Thomas is perhaps most well-known for being “reticent” during oral argument, going ten years without asking a question from the bench and a nearly seven-year streak of not speaking at all in any professional context, so the film provides a rare opportunity to hear from him directly. Of his silence he’s explained, “The referee in the game should not be a participant in the game. ” Another reason Thomas has given is self-consciousness about the way he speaks, having learned Gullah as his first language. Gullah is a creole language spoken by an African-American population living in coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia, where he was born and raised. Gullah is closely related to Bahamian Creole and is based on different varieties of English and languages of West and Central Africa. After attending Catholic seminary school, he went to college at Mount Holy Cross in Massachusetts, majoring in English Literature, to “conquer the language. ” During the 1960s, Thomas became a radical Leftist, participating in anti-Vietnam War rallies and chanting about freeing Angela Davis. He later underwent ideological whiplash, voting for Reagan in 1980, out of a desire to see an end to the “social engineering of the ’60s and ’70s. ” Thomas still seethes over the “high-tech lynching” of his 1991 Supreme Court confirmation battle, saying, “This is about the wrong kind of black guy, he has to be destroyed, ” in reference to his being a Black Conservative. The film was released last Friday at these theaters, before airing on PBS this spring. One should have an open mind; open enough that things get in, but not so open that everything falls out Art Bell The individual is handicapped by coming face to face with a conspiracy so monstrous that he cannot believe it exists. J Edgar Hoover I don't need a good memory, because I always tell the truth. Jessie Ventura Its no wonder truth is stranger than fiction. Fiction has to make sense Mark Twain If history doesn't repeat itself, it sure does rhyme. Posts: 111 Threads: 9 Likes Received: 77 in 54 posts Likes Given: 134 Joined: Oct 2019 Wow, this is a bombshell. I'd love to see it. Thanks for the heads-up, Zedta. Posts: 3, 052 Threads: 167 Likes Received: 61 in 34 posts Likes Given: 908 Joined: Feb 2006 02-11-2020, 10:30 PM (This post was last modified: 02-11-2020, 10:35 PM by HailGilbert. ) (02-05-2020, 01:08 PM) ADDITION TO THIS POST IS BELOW THIS RE-POST! Zedta Wrote: I have long admired Clarence Thomas and like the author of this article, I didn't know very much about his life and background. "The whole modern world has divided itself into Conservatives and Progressives. The business of Progressives is to go on making mistakes. The business of the Conservatives is to prevent the mistakes from being corrected. " - G. K. Chesterton Fellow Fisheaters, here is a documentary about the Gullah language and people that Justice Thomas was raised up with. This is a fascinating look at a part of American culture that most folks don't know about. And here is a PBS Now special report on the Gullah people and culture from 2013. (Apologies in advance for even having to link to anything PBS. ) I hope you enjoy these documentaries. Many thanks in advance. "The whole modern world has divided itself into Conservatives and Progressives. Chesterton.

The so call Holly men know it's all a lie that they Are Holly. Great movie... I enjoyed it. Looking forward to seeing this. but where. PLEASE REPLY tks Thank You Justice Thomas for always standing up for all that is Good and Right for all.

My God what strength that man has, what an amazing soul

Ios created equal: clarence thomas in his own words song. Critics Consensus No consensus yet. 29% TOMATOMETER Total Count: 14 98% Audience Score Verified Ratings: 55 Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words Ratings & Reviews Explanation Tickets & Showtimes The movie doesn't seem to be playing near you. Go back Enter your location to see showtimes near you. Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words Videos Movie Info Although Clarence Thomas remains a controversial figure, loved by some, reviled by others, few know much more than a few headlines and the recollections of his contentious confirmation battle with Anita Hill. With unprecedented access, the producers interviewed Justice Clarence Thomas and his wife, Virginia, for over 30 hours of interview time, over many months. Justice Thomas tells his entire life's story, looking directly at the camera, speaking frankly to the audience. After a brief introduction, the documentary proceeds chronologically, combining Justice Thomas' first person account with a rich array of historical archive material, period and original music, personal photos, and evocative recreations. Unscripted and without narration, the documentary takes the viewer through this complex and often painful life, dealing with race, faith, power, jurisprudence, and personal resilience. Rating: NR Genre: Directed By: Written By: In Theaters: Jan 31, 2020 limited Runtime: 116 minutes Studio: Manifold Productions Cast Critic Reviews for Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words Audience Reviews for Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words There are no featured audience reviews for Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words at this time. See All Audience Reviews Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words Quotes Movie & TV guides.

One more time, Created different with love. I like the judge. He is a fair man. Wow! I have so much respect for this man. Kavanaugh is merely a copy of the same leftest tactics. Edit Storyline Although Clarence Thomas remains a controversial figure, loved by some, reviled by others, few know much more than a few headlines and the recollections of his contentious confirmation battle with Anita Hill. Yet, the personal odyssey of Clarence Thomas is a classic American story and should be better known and understood. His life began in extreme poverty in the segregated South, and moved to the height of the legal profession, as one of the most influential justices on the Supreme Court. Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words tells the Clarence Thomas story truly and fully, without cover-ups or distortions. The documentary will open in movie theaters nationally on January 31, 2020, followed by a national broadcast on PBS in May 2020. Educational use is forthcoming. Plot Summary | Add Synopsis Taglines: Unprecedented access. The story you didn't know. Motion Picture Rating ( MPAA) Rated PG-13 for thematic elements including some sexual references Details Release Date: 31 January 2020 (USA) See more  » Also Known As: Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words Box Office Opening Weekend USA: $74, 577, 2 February 2020 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $104, 781 See more on IMDbPro  » Company Credits Technical Specs See full technical specs  ».

Ios created equal 3a clarence thomas in his own words mp. Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own Words will be showing in select theaters January 31! Watch and Download Movie HD ► Justice Thomas tells his entire life’s story, looking directly at the camera, speaking frankly to the audience. Unscripted and without narration, the documentary takes the viewer through a complex and often painful life, dealing with race, faith, power, jurisprudence, and personal resilience. Ios created equal: clarence thomas in his own words 2017. Ios created equal 3a clarence thomas in his own words wallpaper. Interesting. I wondered how they were going settle that one.

What an intelligent guy, our country is honored by his service on the court. Ios Created Equal: Clarence Thomas in His Own words. Looks interesting! I'll keep my eye out for this film. God bless. Ios created equal: clarence thomas in his own words list. You are not in go me you judges got to follow the law & after law school. Tveit is enjolras of les miserables. Thank You Clarence Thomas for your years of public service. Reverse all those socalled the blue suite in the white to nothing.

Ios created equal: clarence thomas in his own words lyrics. If this happens today, Clarence Thomas would get rejected even Anita Hill is lying 100% just look at Roy Moore. Clarence Thomas said it well towards the end with respect to making rulings according to principle vs. fads or current political opinions and the necessity of COURAGE when it comes to leadership.

Wonderful speech by an honorable man and a gifted Supreme Court Justice

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Justice Clarence Thomas scoffed at 2020 Democratic front-runner former Vice President Joseph R. Biden recalling his confirmation hearing nearly three decades ago, suggesting Mr. Biden didn’t have a grasp of the law and was just playing politics. “I have no idea what he was talking about, ” Justice Thomas said in a new documentary about his life, detailing his childhood and rise to the Supreme Court. The legal questioning from Mr. Biden, who at the time was chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee and running the confirmation hearings, was aimed at Justice Thomas’ views on Roe v. Wade, the ruling which legalized abortion in 1973. “One of the things you do in hearings is you have to sit there and look attentively at people you know have no idea what they’re talking about. And it was fine. I understood what he was trying to do. I didn’t really appreciate it, ” Justice Thomas added. But that, of course, was not the memory of his confirmation hearing that most consumes him. He is still haunted by Anita Hill, who came forward to say the judge sexually harassed her — a claim he vehemently denied. The allegation had been investigated by the FBI, which said it was unfounded, but somehow, as things do in Washington, it leaked to the press. “This was a crime, ” Justice Thomas said in the two-hour documentary. The film, “Created Equal: Clarence Thomas In His Own Words, ” was exclusively revealed to a crowd last week in the basement of the National Archives. Many of Justice Thomas’ close friends and allies were on hand Tuesday night for heavy hors d’oeuvres and refreshments steps from the eternal home of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution before heading to a theater located a few flights below the nation’s foundational documents. The audience was littered with Trump administration officials, federal judges, Supreme Court employees, Justice Clarence Thomas’ law clerks, as well as key judicial advisers to President Trump, such as Federalist Society Executive Vice President Leonard Leo. The film depicts Justice Thomas sharing his personal and professional maturation with never-before aired details and insights unfiltered through the lens of the press. Justice Thomas walks viewers through his upbringing in Savannah, Georgia, with the influence of his grandfather, his Catholic education, and eventually his rise to the Supreme Court. He surprises viewers with an account of his youth as a far-left advocate who transformed over the years to what some court watchers would describe as the most conservative justice on the high court. Justice Thomas said he worked hard to get perfect test scores in school, making sure he could avoid criticism as he rose in his career. “Leave them nothing but race, ” Mr. Thomas said of his critics. The only black justice currently on the high court replaced the late Justice Thurgood Marshall, the court’s first black member, in 1991. He’s been known for his “bloodthirsty” originalism as well as his silence. While many of his colleagues like to pepper attorneys with questions during oral arguments, Justice Thomas goes years — at one time more than a decade — without asking a single question. Instead, he relies heavily on the parties’ briefs. “We are judges, not advocates, ” Justice Thomas said, explaining his reason for staying mum. Bruce Pack, the documentary’s filmmaker, said in an audience question-and-answer session after the screening that Justice Thomas has not yet seen the film, but his wife, Ginni Thomas, has. “Ginni [Thomas] said she cried when she saw it, ” Mr. Pack said. “Justice Thomas may not look forward to seeing it, but I hope he does. ” Mr. Pack said he intends for the movie to debut Jan. 31, 2020, and wants it to hit movie theaters in 20 cities as well as its planned airing on PBS. Mr. Pack said while getting the documentary shown on PBS was always his goal — to reach audiences skeptical of Justice Thomas — he is on a mission of getting it in front of high school students. Mr. Pack said Justice Thomas’ story and that of his family is not well known, but Mr. Pack thought the story should be a regular fixture of secondary school education, particularly surrounding Black History Month. © Copyright (c) 2019 News World Communications, Inc. Rating: 9. 5/ 10 (11 votes cast).

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Release Date: 2020

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Genres: Documentary

Writer: Brent Gudgel

The film follows Dave, Karen, and their three young children, as they venture into war zones where they are fighting to bring hope. Viewers will follow the family into firefights, heroic rescues, and experience life-changing ministry

release Year: 2020

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Love will defeat hate. Great story. Feels like a commercial about religion though. It also seems like there are way too many manufactured comments below about god and jesus christ (but maybe that's what your channel is all about. Anyway, you need to be more subtle if you want to be part of the US propaganda machine. Free burma rangers movie.

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Merry Christmas from Canada. Blessings. Free Burma Rangers movie maker. Free Burma Rangers movie page. YouTube. 1 1 Posted by 3 months ago comment 57% Upvoted Log in or sign up to leave a comment log in sign up Sort by View discussions in 3 other communities no comments yet Be the first to share what you think! More posts from the rojava community Continue browsing in r/rojava r/rojava Gender equality, direct democracy, and ecology. 11. 8k Members 17 Online Created Dec 4, 2014 help Reddit App Reddit coins Reddit premium Reddit gifts Communities Top Posts Topics about careers press advertise blog Terms Content policy Privacy policy Mod policy Reddit Inc © 2020. All rights reserved.

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Actor - Kentarô Itô. genre - Drama. movie info - Kimi to, nami ni noretara is a movie starring Ryôta Katayose, Rina Kawaei, and Honoka Matsumoto. A surfer and firefighter meet and fall in love. 1 Hours 34minute. country - Japan. Writers - Reiko Yoshida. I'm here after seeing the preview for this movie during the premier of weathering with you here in the U.S. definitely going to try and go see it when it releases here next month. Kimi to, nami ni noretara Watch movie page. Kimi to nami ni noretara watch movie 2016. Kimi to nami ni noretara watch movie free.

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When I first watched the film, I thought the pacing was way too quick for me to actually understand what was going on. Although I will say that the fire fighter scenes were pretty intense regardless if they were only training or had to attend buildings that were on fire due to fireworks.
I understood this films backdrop involving the feeling of losing someone through drowning and honestly the ending was a near hard hitter for me. However I would have liked if the couples experience together was more in depth because as I said yet again, it was rather rushed. It didn't give much in depth either with the other guy who had a crush on her or if he was going for someone else. Since I'm not gonna say spoilers to telling you who's who, it's best to watch the film.
Animation wise, it was pretty alright. Not amazeballs but it was easy on the eyes at least.
As much as the film did offer a bit of emotion, it's not the ultimate worse or disappointment I've ever seen. However room for improvement is what it definitely definitely needs in terms of story pace development.

This totally wont have a totally depressing twist thatll make me cry for the rest of the movie about how she lets go of him. Kimi to, nami ni noretara Watch movie database. Kimi to, nami ni noretara Watch movie. Isn't there a version of the voice actors cause i really liked it uwu. Kimi to, nami ni noretara Watch. Kimi to nami ni noretara watch movie trailer. Kimi to nami ni noretara watch movie 2. Kimi to nami ni noretara watch movie hindi. Thank god the script writer avoids all the common cliche from a Japanese anime. It's a sincere and touching story, worth the time.

Intente leer el manga pero se me hace imposible entender lo que dice. Los globos estan llenos de letras y se me hace imposible leerlo :c. Kimi to nami ni noretara watch movie download. Kimi to, nami ni noretara Watch movie reviews. Chris thank you for this review. Would you ever review the Castle of Cagliostro? Its an older anime. I dont really like anime but I loved that movie and Im Curious what your thoughts are about it. Steven Spielberg supposedly called it one of the best adventure movies hes ever seen. Already bought my tickets. Hinako is a surfer, Minato is a firefighter. Both about 20 and they fall in love. Everything is ridiculously perfect, but one day Minato drowns while trying to save someone from the ocean.
Hinako, understandably takes it pretty bad, but to her surprise, whenever she starts singing their favorite song, Minato's spirit appears in the closest body of water - be it a stream, the ocean, or a bottle of mineral water.
The whole story is really about Hinako, Minato's friends and family, and how they slowly but finally learn to "let go.
Of course, it's magical-realism, so in the end we get to witness some crazy action as well, where we surf down a skyscraper with our protagonists.
Unfortunately, this is not the most original story, the characters are a little two dimensional, and the filmmaking could've been a little braver.
It's fine though, the film looks really nice, colorful with constantly glowing orange hues and cool blues. The action looks fantastic as well and the environments feel very "lived in" and detailed. Seeing it on a big screen really adds to the experience.
It is also paced well, has some pretty funny moments, as well as a couple of quite moving ones.
Recommended if you manage to catch it screening somewhere, but not an essential viewing.
There.
Really not much else to say about it, but seeing the only other user review for this title is from someone who clearly has no idea what he's talking about, I wanted to add my two cents.

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  1. directed by=Tom Hooper
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Support Our Work Give a gift so we can save the lives of cats. Join the Movement Stay up to date with our eNews and more. Get Information Tailored to You About Alley Cat Allies Protecting & improving cats' lives is what Alley Cat Allies is about. We are a champion for the humane treatment of all pet, stray, and feral cats & kittens. Join us & help cats today. FAQ about Alley Cat Allies Get the answers to some frequently asked questions about community or feral cats, Trap-Neuter-Return, and Alley Cat Allies. Meet Becky Robinson Becky Robinson is President and Founder of Alley Cat Allies, the nation’s leading cat advocacy organization. She stands at the forefront of the global movement to protect and improve the lives of all cats. How to Give to Protect Cats With donations from our supporters, we're able to help create programs that save cats' lives, teach communities how to help stray & community cats and feral kittens in their neighborhood, and respond to cats affected by natural disasters. Read Becky’s Blog See what our president and founder has to say on topics that affect community cats and all animals. Feral Friends Network Connect Need help with outdoor cats? Our Feral Friends Network is a list of cat experts near you who can help with TNR and veterinary services. Connect now!

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Lol the first person interested in him: take the L. Domestic cat Various types of domestic cat Conservation status Domesticated Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Felis Species: F. catus [1] Binomial name Felis catus [1] Linnaeus, 1758 [2] Synonyms F. catus domesticus Erxleben, 1777 [3] F. angorensis Gmelin, 1788 F. vulgaris Fischer, 1829 The cat ( Felis catus) is a small carnivorous mammal. [1] [2] It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and often referred to as the domestic cat to distinguish it from wild members of the family. [4] The cat is either a house cat, a farm cat or a feral cat; latter ranges freely and avoids human contact. [5] Domestic cats are valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt rodents. About 60 cat breeds are recognized by various cat registries. [6] The cat is similar in anatomy to the other felid species, has a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp teeth and retractable claws adapted to killing small prey. Its night vision and sense of smell are well developed. Cat communication includes vocalizations like meowing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling and grunting as well as cat-specific body language. It is a solitary hunter, but a social species. It can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small mammals. It is a predator that is most active at dawn and dusk. [7] It secretes and perceives pheromones. [8] Female domestic cats can have kittens from spring to late autumn, with litter sizes ranging from two to five kittens. [9] Domestic cats are bred and shown as registered pedigreed cats, a hobby known as cat fancy. Failure to control breeding of pet cats by spaying and neutering, as well as abandonment of pets, resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, contributing to the extinction of entire bird species, and evoking population control. [10] It was long thought that cat domestication was initiated in Egypt, because cats in ancient Egypt were venerated since around 3100 BC. [11] [12] However, the earliest indication for the taming of an African wildcat ( F. lybica) was found in Cyprus, where a cat skeleton was excavated close by a human Neolithic grave dating to around 7500 BC. [13] African wildcats were probably first domesticated in the Near East. [14] As of 2017, the domestic cat was the second-most popular pet in the United States by number of pets owned, after freshwater fish, [15] with 95 million cats owned. [16] [17] In the United Kingdom, around 7. 3 million cats lived in more than 4. 8 million households as of 2019. [18] Etymology and naming The origin of the English word 'cat', Old English catt, is thought to be the Late Latin word cattus, which was first used at the beginning of the 6th century. [19] It was suggested that the word 'cattus' is derived from an Egyptian precursor of Coptic ϣⲁⲩ šau, "tomcat", or its feminine form suffixed with -t. [20] The Late Latin word is also thought to be derived from Afro-Asiatic languages. [21] The Nubian word kaddîska "wildcat" and Nobiin kadīs are possible sources or cognates. [22] The Nubian word may be a loan from Arabic قَطّ‎ qaṭṭ ~ قِطّ qiṭṭ. It is "equally likely that the forms might derive from an ancient Germanic word, imported into Latin and thence to Greek and to Syriac and Arabic". [23] The word may be derived from Germanic and Northern European languages, and ultimately be borrowed from Uralic, cf. Northern Sami gáđfi, "female stoat ", and Hungarian hölgy, "stoat"; from Proto-Uralic *käďwä, "female (of a furred animal)". [24] The English puss, extended as pussy and pussycat, is attested from the 16th century and may have been introduced from Dutch poes or from Low German puuskatte, related to Swedish kattepus, or Norwegian pus, pusekatt. Similar forms exist in Lithuanian puižė and Irish puisín or puiscín. The etymology of this word is unknown, but it may have simply arisen from a sound used to attract a cat. [25] [26] A male cat is called a tom or tomcat [27] (or a gib, [28] if neutered) An unspayed female is called a queen, [29] especially in a cat-breeding context. A juvenile cat is referred to as a kitten. In Early Modern English, the word kitten was interchangeable with the now-obsolete word catling. [30] A group of cats can be referred to as a clowder or a glaring. [31] Taxonomy The scientific name Felis catus was proposed by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for a domestic cat. [1] [2] Felis catus domesticus was proposed by Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben in 1777. [3] Felis daemon proposed by Konstantin Alekseevich Satunin in 1904 was a black cat from the Transcaucasus, later identified as a domestic cat. [32] [33] In 2003, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled that the domestic cat is a distinct species, namely Felis catus. [34] [35] In 2007, it was considered a subspecies of the European wildcat, F. silvestris catus, following results of phylogenetic research. [36] [37] In 2017, the IUCN Cat Classification Taskforce followed the recommendation of the ICZN in regarding the domestic cat as a distinct species, Felis catus. [38] Evolution Skulls of a wildcat (top left), a housecat (top right), and a hybrid between the two (bottom centre) The domestic cat is a member of the Felidae, a family that had a common ancestor about 10–15 million years ago. [39] The genus Felis diverged from the Felidae around 6–7 million years ago. [40] Results of phylogenetic research confirm that the wild Felis species evolved through sympatric or parapatric speciation, whereas the domestic cat evolved through artificial selection. [41] The domesticated cat and its closest wild ancestor are both diploid organisms that possess 38 chromosomes [42] and roughly 20, 000 genes. [43] The leopard cat ( Prionailurus bengalensis) was tamed independently in China around 5500 BC. This line of partially domesticated cats leaves no trace in the domestic cat populations of today. [44] Domestication A cat eating a fish under a chair, a mural in an Egyptian tomb dating to the 15th century BC The earliest known indication for a tamed African wildcat was excavated close by a human grave in Shillourokambos, southern Cyprus, dating to about 9, 200 to 9, 500 years before present. As there is no evidence of native mammalian fauna on Cyprus, the inhabitants of this Neolithic village most likely brought the cat and other wild mammals to the island from the Middle Eastern mainland. [13] Scientists therefore assume that African wildcats were attracted to early human settlements in the Fertile Crescent by rodents, in particular the house mouse ( Mus musculus), and were tamed by Neolithic farmers. This commensal relationship between early farmers and tamed cats lasted thousands of years. As agricultural practices spread, so did tame and domesticated cats. [14] [6] Wildcats of Egypt contributed to the maternal gene pool of the domestic cat at a later time. [45] The earliest known evidence for the occurrence of the domestic cat in Greece dates to around 1200 BC. Greek, Phoenician, Carthaginian and Etruscan traders introduced domestic cats to southern Europe. [46] During the Roman Empire they were introduced to Corsica and Sardinia before the beginning of the 1st millennium. [47] By the 5th century BC, they were familiar animals around settlements in Magna Graecia and Etruria. [48] By the end of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, the Egyptian domestic cat lineage had arrived in a Baltic Sea port in northern Germany. [45] During domestication, cats have undergone only minor changes in anatomy and behavior, and they are still capable of surviving in the wild. Several natural behaviors and characteristics of wildcats may have preadapted them for domestication as pets. These traits include their small size, social nature, obvious body language, love of play and relatively high intelligence. Captive Leopardus cats may also display affectionate behavior toward humans, but were not domesticated. [49] House cats often mate with feral cats, [50] producing hybrids such as the Kellas cat in Scotland. [51] Hybridisation between domestic and other Felinae species is also possible. [52] Development of cat breeds started in the mid 19th century. [53] An analysis of the domestic cat genome revealed that the ancestral wildcat genome was significantly altered in the process of domestication as specific mutations were selected to develop cat breeds. [54] Most breeds are founded on random-bred domestic cats. Genetic diversity of these breeds varies between regions, and is lowest in purebred populations, which show more than 20 deleterious genetic disorders. [55] Characteristics Diagram of the general anatomy of a male domestic cat Size The domestic cat has a smaller skull and shorter bones than the European wildcat. [56] It averages about 46 cm (18 in) in head-to-body length and 23–25 cm (9. 1–9. 8 in) in height, with about 30 cm (12 in) long tails. Males are larger than females. [57] Adult domestic cats typically weigh between 4 and 5 kg (8. 8 and 11. 0 lb). [41] Skeleton Cats have seven cervical vertebrae (as do most mammals); 13 thoracic vertebrae (humans have 12); seven lumbar vertebrae (humans have five); three sacral vertebrae (as do most mammals, but humans have five); and a variable number of caudal vertebrae in the tail (humans have only vestigial caudal vertebrae, fused into an internal coccyx). [58]: 11 The extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae account for the cat's spinal mobility and flexibility. Attached to the spine are 13 ribs, the shoulder, and the pelvis. [58]: 16 Unlike human arms, cat forelimbs are attached to the shoulder by free-floating clavicle bones which allow them to pass their body through any space into which they can fit their head. [59] Skull The cat skull is unusual among mammals in having very large eye sockets and a powerful specialized jaw. [60]: 35 Within the jaw, cats have teeth adapted for killing prey and tearing meat. When it overpowers its prey, a cat delivers a lethal neck bite with its two long canine teeth, inserting them between two of the prey's vertebrae and severing its spinal cord, causing irreversible paralysis and death. [61] Compared to other felines, domestic cats have narrowly spaced canine teeth relative to the size of their jaw, which is an adaptation to their preferred prey of small rodents, which have small vertebrae. [61] The premolar and first molar together compose the carnassial pair on each side of the mouth, which efficiently shears meat into small pieces, like a pair of scissors. These are vital in feeding, since cats' small molars cannot chew food effectively, and cats are largely incapable of mastication. [60]: 37 Although cats tend to have better teeth than most humans, with decay generally less likely because of a thicker protective layer of enamel, a less damaging saliva, less retention of food particles between teeth, and a diet mostly devoid of sugar, they are nonetheless subject to occasional tooth loss and infection. [62] Ambulation The cat is digitigrade. It walks on the toes, with the bones of the feet making up the lower part of the visible leg. [63] Unlike most mammals, it uses a "pacing" gait and moves both legs on one side of the body before the legs on the other side. It registers directly by placing each hind paw close to the track of the corresponding fore paw, minimizing noise and visible tracks. This also provides sure footing for hind paws when navigating rough terrain. As it speeds up walking to trotting, its gait changes to a "diagonal" gait: the diagonally opposite hind and fore legs move simultaneously. [64] Claws Cats have protractable and retractable claws. [65] In their normal, relaxed position, the claws are sheathed with the skin and fur around the paw's toe pads. This keeps the claws sharp by preventing wear from contact with the ground and allows the silent stalking of prey. The claws on the fore feet are typically sharper than those on the hind feet. [66] Cats can voluntarily extend their claws on one or more paws. They may extend their claws in hunting or self-defense, climbing, kneading, or for extra traction on soft surfaces. Cats shed the outside layer of their claw sheaths when scratching rough surfaces. [67] Most cats have five claws on their front paws, and four on their rear paws. The dewclaw is proximal to the other claws. More proximally is a protrusion which appears to be a sixth "finger". This special feature of the front paws, on the inside of the wrists has no function in normal walking, but is thought to be an antiskidding device used while jumping. Some cat breeds are prone to having extra digits ( polydactyly). [68] Polydactylous cats occur along North America's northeast coast and in Great Britain. [69] Senses Vision Cats have excellent night vision and can see at only one-sixth the light level required for human vision. [60]: 43 This is partly the result of cat eyes having a tapetum lucidum, which reflects any light that passes through the retina back into the eye, thereby increasing the eye's sensitivity to dim light. [70] Large pupils are an adaptation to dim light. The domestic cat has slit pupils, which allow it to focus bright light without chromatic aberration. [71] At low light, a cat's pupils expand to cover most of the exposed surface of its eyes. [72] However, the domestic cat has rather poor color vision and only two types of cone cells, optimized for sensitivity to blue and yellowish green; its ability to distinguish between red and green is limited. [73] A response to middle wavelengths from a system other than the rod cells might be due to a third type of cone. However, this appears to be an adaptation to low light levels rather than representing true trichromatic vision. [74] Hearing The domestic cat's hearing is most acute in the range of 500 Hz to 32 kHz. [75] It can detect an extremely broad range of frequencies ranging from 55 Hz to 79, 000 Hz. It can hear a range of 10. 5  octaves, while humans and dogs can hear ranges of about 9 octaves. [76] [77] Its hearing sensitivity is enhanced by its large movable outer ears, the pinnae, which amplify sounds and help detect the location of a noise. It can detect ultrasound, which enables it to detect ultrasonic calls made by rodent prey. [78] [79] Smell Cats have an acute sense of smell, due in part to their well-developed olfactory bulb and a large surface of olfactory mucosa, about 5. 8 cm 2 (0. 90 in 2) in area, which is about twice that of humans. [80] Cats and many other animals have a Jacobson's organ in their mouths that is used in the behavioral process of flehmening. It allows them to sense certain aromas in a way that humans cannot. Cats are sensitive to pheromones such as 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol, [81] which they use to communicate through urine spraying and marking with scent glands. [82] Many cats also respond strongly to plants that contain nepetalactone, especially catnip, as they can detect that substance at less than one part per billion. [83] About 70–80% of cats are affected by nepetalactone. [84] This response is also produced by other plants, such as silver vine ( Actinidia polygama) and the herb valerian; it may be caused by the smell of these plants mimicking a pheromone and stimulating cats' social or sexual behaviors. [85] Taste Cats have relatively few taste buds compared to humans (470 or so versus more than 9, 000 on the human tongue). [86] Domestic and wild cats share a gene mutation that keeps their sweet taste buds from binding to sugary molecules, leaving them with no ability to taste sweetness. [87] Their taste buds instead respond to acids, amino acids like protein, and bitter tastes. [88] Cats also have a distinct temperature preference for their food, preferring food with a temperature around 38 °C (100 °F) which is similar to that of a fresh kill and routinely rejecting food presented cold or refrigerated (which would signal to the cat that the "prey" item is long dead and therefore possibly toxic or decomposing). [86] The whiskers of a cat are highly sensitive to touch. Whiskers To aid with navigation and sensation, cats have dozens of movable whiskers (vibrissae) over their body, especially their faces. These provide information on the width of gaps and on the location of objects in the dark, both by touching objects directly and by sensing air currents; they also trigger protective blink reflexes to protect the eyes from damage. [60]: 47 Balance Comparison of cat righting reflexes in gravity vis-à-vis zero gravity Most breeds of cat have a noted fondness for sitting in high places, or perching. A higher place may serve as a concealed site from which to hunt; domestic cats strike prey by pouncing from a perch such as a tree branch. Another possible explanation is that height gives the cat a better observation point, allowing it to survey its territory. A cat falling from heights of up to 3 meters can right itself and land on its paws. [89] During a fall from a high place, a cat reflexively twists its body and rights itself to land on its feet using its acute sense of balance and flexibility. This reflex is known as the cat righting reflex. [90] An individual cat always rights itself in the same way during a fall, provided it has sufficient time to do so. The height required for this to occur is around 90 cm (3. 0 ft). [91] Cats without a tail also have this reflex. [92] Several explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon since the late 19th century: Cats rely on conservation of angular momentum. [93] The rotation angle of the front body is larger than that of the rear body. [94] The dynamics of the falling cat have been explained using the Udwadia–Kalaba equation. [95] Behavior Outdoor cats are active both day and night, although they tend to be slightly more active at night. [96] Domestic cats spend the majority of their time in the vicinity of their homes, but can range many hundreds of meters from this central point. They establish territories that vary considerably in size, in one study ranging from 7 to 28 hectares (17–69 acres). [97] The timing of cats' activity is quite flexible and varied, which means house cats may be more active in the morning and evening, as a response to greater human activity at these times. [98] Cats conserve energy by sleeping more than most animals, especially as they grow older. The daily duration of sleep varies, usually between 12 and 16 hours, with 13 and 14 being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours. The term "cat nap" for a short rest refers to the cat's tendency to fall asleep (lightly) for a brief period. While asleep, cats experience short periods of rapid eye movement sleep often accompanied by muscle twitches, which suggests they are dreaming. [99] Sociability The social behavior of the domestic cat ranges from widely dispersed individuals to feral cat colonies that gather around a food source, based on groups of co-operating females. [100] [101] Within such groups, one cat is usually dominant over the others. [102] Each cat in a colony holds a distinct territory, with sexually active males having the largest territories, which are about 10 times larger than those of female cats and may overlap with several females' territories. These territories are marked by urine spraying, by rubbing objects at head height with secretions from facial glands, and by defecation. [82] Between these territories are neutral areas where cats watch and greet one another without territorial conflicts. Outside these neutral areas, territory holders usually chase away stranger cats, at first by staring, hissing, and growling and, if that does not work, by short but noisy and violent attacks. Despite some cats cohabiting in colonies, they do not have a social survival strategy, or a pack mentality and always hunt alone. [103] However, some pet cats are poorly socialized. In particular, older cats show aggressiveness towards newly arrived kittens, which include biting and scratching; this type of behavior is known as feline asocial aggression. [104] Life in proximity to humans and other domestic animals has led to a symbiotic social adaptation in cats, and cats may express great affection toward humans or other animals. Ethologically, the human keeper of a cat functions as a sort of surrogate for the cat's mother. [105] Adult cats live their lives in a kind of extended kittenhood, a form of behavioral neoteny. Their high-pitched sounds may mimic the cries of a hungry human infant, making them particularly difficult for humans to ignore. [106] Domestic cats' scent rubbing behavior towards humans or other cats is thought to be a feline means for social bonding. [107] Communication Domestic cats use many vocalizations for communication, including purring, trilling, hissing, growling/snarling, grunting, and several different forms of meowing. [7] Their body language, including position of ears and tail, relaxation of the whole body, and kneading of the paws, are all indicators of mood. The tail and ears are particularly important social signal mechanisms in cats. A raised tail indicates a friendly greeting, and flattened ears indicates hostility. Tail-raising also indicates the cat's position in the group's social hierarchy, with dominant individuals raising their tails less often than subordinate ones. [108] Feral cats are generally silent. [109]: 208 Nose-to-nose touching is also a common greeting and may be followed by social grooming, which is solicited by one of the cats raising and tilting its head. [101] Purring may have developed as an evolutionary advantage as a signalling mechanism of reassurance between mother cats and nursing kittens. Post-nursing cats often purr as a sign of contentment: when being petted, becoming relaxed, [110] [111] or eating. The mechanism by which cats purr is elusive. The cat has no unique anatomical feature that is clearly responsible for the sound. [112] Grooming The hooked papillae on a cat's tongue act like a hairbrush to help clean and detangle fur. A tabby housecat uses its brush-like tongue to groom itself, licking its fur to straighten it. Cats are known for spending considerable amounts of time licking their coats to keep them clean. [113] The cat's tongue has backwards-facing spines about 500  μm long, which are called papillae. These contain keratin which makes them rigid [114] so the papillae act like a hairbrush. Some cats, particularly longhaired cats, occasionally regurgitate hairballs of fur that have collected in their stomachs from grooming. These clumps of fur are usually sausage-shaped and about 2–3 cm (0. 8–1. 2 in) long. Hairballs can be prevented with remedies that ease elimination of the hair through the gut, as well as regular grooming of the coat with a comb or stiff brush. [113] Fighting A domestic cat's arched back, raised fur and an open-mouthed hiss are signs of aggression Among domestic cats, males are more likely to fight than females. [115] Among feral cats, the most common reason for cat fighting is competition between two males to mate with a female. In such cases, most fights are won by the heavier male. [116] Another common reason for fighting in domestic cats is the difficulty of establishing territories within a small home. [115] Female cats also fight over territory or to defend their kittens. Neutering will decrease or eliminate this behavior in many cases, suggesting that the behavior is linked to sex hormones. [117] When cats become aggressive, they try to make themselves appear larger and more threatening by raising their fur, arching their backs, turning sideways and hissing or spitting. [118] Often, the ears are pointed down and back to avoid damage to the inner ear and potentially listen for any changes behind them while focused forward. They may also vocalize loudly and bare their teeth in an effort to further intimidate their opponent. Fights usually consist of grappling and delivering powerful slaps to the face and body with the forepaws as well as bites. Cats also throw themselves to the ground in a defensive posture to rake their opponent's belly with their powerful hind legs. [119] Serious damage is rare, as the fights are usually short in duration, with the loser running away with little more than a few scratches to the face and ears. However, fights for mating rights are typically more severe and injuries may include deep puncture wounds and lacerations. Normally, serious injuries from fighting are limited to infections of scratches and bites, though these can occasionally kill cats if untreated. In addition, bites are probably the main route of transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus. [120] Sexually active males are usually involved in many fights during their lives, and often have decidedly battered faces with obvious scars and cuts to their ears and nose. [121] Hunting and feeding A domestic cat with its prey The shape and structure of cats' cheeks is insufficient to suck. They lap with the tongue to draw liquid upwards into their mouths. Lapping at a rate of four times a second, the cat touches the smooth tip of its tongue to the surface of the water, and quickly retracts it like a corkscrew, drawing water upwards. [122] [123] Free-fed feral cats and house cats consume several small meals in a day. The frequency and size of meals varies between individuals. They select food based on its temperature, smell and texture; they dislike chilled foods and respond most strongly to moist foods rich in amino acids, which are similar to meat. Cats reject novel flavors (a response termed neophobia) and learn quickly to avoid foods that have tasted unpleasant in the past. [103] [124] They also avoid sweet food and milk. Most adult cats are lactose intolerant; the sugar in milk is not easily digested and may cause soft stools or diarrhea. [125] Some also develop odd eating habits and like to eat or chew on things like wool, plastic, cables, paper, string, aluminum foil, or even coal. This condition, pica, can threaten their health, depending on the amount and toxicity of the items eaten. [126] Cats hunt small prey, primarily birds and rodents. [127] and are often used as a form of pest control. [128] [129] Cats use two hunting strategies, either stalking prey actively, or waiting in ambush until an animal comes close enough to be captured. [130] The strategy used depends on the prey species in the area, with cats waiting in ambush outside burrows, but tending to actively stalk birds. [131]: 153 Domestic cats are a major predator of wildlife in the United States, killing an estimated 1. 4 to 3. 7 billion birds and 6. 9 to 20. 7 billion mammals annually. [132] Certain species appear more susceptible than others; for example, 30% of house sparrow mortality is linked to the domestic cat. [133] In the recovery of ringed robins ( Erithacus rubecula) and dunnocks ( Prunella modularis), 31% of deaths were a result of cat predation. [134] In parts of North America, the presence of larger carnivores such as coyotes which prey on cats and other small predators reduces the effect of predation by cats and other small predators such as opossums and raccoons on bird numbers and variety. [135] A cat playing with a mouse. Cats play with their prey to weaken or exhaust it before killing it. Perhaps the best known element of cats' hunting behavior, which is commonly misunderstood and often appals cat owners because it looks like torture, is that cats often appear to "play" with prey by releasing it after capture. This cat and mouse behavior is due to an instinctive imperative to ensure that the prey is weak enough to be killed without endangering the cat. [136] Another poorly understood element of cat hunting behavior is the presentation of prey to human guardians. One explanation is that cats adopt humans into their social group and share excess kill with others in the group according to the dominance hierarchy, in which humans are reacted to as if they are at, or near, the top. [137] Another explanation is that they attempt to teach their guardians to hunt or to help their human as if feeding "an elderly cat, or an inept kitten". [138] This hypothesis is inconsistent with the fact that male cats also bring home prey, despite males having negligible involvement in raising kittens. [131]: 153 Impact on birds On islands, birds can contribute as much as 60% of a cat's diet. [139] In nearly all cases, however, the cat cannot be identified as the sole cause for reducing the numbers of island birds, and in some instances, eradication of cats has caused a "mesopredator release" effect; [140] where the suppression of top carnivores creates an abundance of smaller predators that cause a severe decline in their shared prey. Domestic cats are, however, known to be a contributing factor to the decline of many species, a factor that has ultimately led, in some cases, to extinction. The South Island piopio, Chatham rail, [134] and the New Zealand merganser [141] are a few from a long list, with the most extreme case being the flightless Lyall's wren, which was driven to extinction only a few years after its discovery. [142] [143] Play Play fight between kittens, age 14 weeks Domestic cats, especially young kittens, are known for their love of play. This behavior mimics hunting and is important in helping kittens learn to stalk, capture, and kill prey. [144] Cats also engage in play fighting, with each other and with humans. This behavior may be a way for cats to practice the skills needed for real combat, and might also reduce any fear they associate with launching attacks on other animals. [145] Cats also tend to play with toys more when they are hungry. [146] Owing to the close similarity between play and hunting, cats prefer to play with objects that resemble prey, such as small furry toys that move rapidly, but rapidly lose interest. They become habituated to a toy they have played with before. [147] String is often used as a toy, but if it is eaten, it can become caught at the base of the cat's tongue and then move into the intestines, a medical emergency which can cause serious illness, even death. [148] Owing to the risks posed by cats eating string, it is sometimes replaced with a laser pointer 's dot, which cats may chase. [149] Reproduction When cats mate, the tomcat (male) bites the scruff of the female's neck as she assumes a position conducive to mating known as lordosis behavior. Radiography of a pregnant cat. The skeletons of two fetuses are visible on the left and right of the uterus. Female cats called queens are polyestrous with several estrus cycles during a year, lasting usually 21 days. They are usually ready to mate between early February and August. [150] Several males called tomcat are attracted to a female in heat. They fight over her, and the victor wins the right to mate. At first, the female rejects the male, but eventually the female allows the male to mate. The female utters a loud yowl as the male pulls out of her because a male cat's penis has a band of about 120–150 backwards-pointing penile spines, which are about 1 mm (0. 039 in) long; upon withdrawal of the penis, the spines rake the walls of the female's vagina, which acts to induce ovulation. This act also occurs to clear the vagina of other sperm in the context of a second (or more) mating, thus giving the later males a larger chance of conception. [151] After mating, the female cleans her vulva thoroughly. If a male attempts to mate with her at this point, the female attacks him. After about 20 to 30 minutes, once the female is finished grooming, the cycle will repeat. [152] Because ovulation is not always triggered by a single mating, females may not be impregnated by the first male with which they mate. [153] Furthermore, cats are superfecund; that is, a female may mate with more than one male when she is in heat, with the result that different kittens in a litter may have different fathers. [152] The morula forms 124 hours after conception. At 148 hours, early blastocysts form. At 10–12 days, implantation occurs. [154] The gestation of queens lasts between 64 and 67 days, with an average of 65 days. [150] [155] Data on reproductive capacity of more than 2, 300 free-ranging queens were collected during a study between May 1998 and October 2000. They had one to six kittens per litter, with an average of three kittens. They produced a mean of 1. 4 litters per year, but a maximum of three litters in a year. Of 169 kittens, 127 died before they were six months old due to a trauma caused in most cases by dog attacks and road accidents. [9] The first litter is usually smaller than subsequent litters. Kittens are weaned between six and seven weeks of age. Queens normally reach sexual maturity at 5–10 months, and males at 5–7 months. This varies depending on breed. [152] Kittens reach puberty at the age of 9–10 months. [150] Cats are ready to go to new homes at about 12 weeks of age, when they are ready to leave their mother. [156] They can be surgically sterilized (spayed or castrated) as early as seven weeks to limit unwanted reproduction. [157] This surgery also prevents undesirable sex-related behavior, such as aggression, territory marking (spraying urine) in males and yowling (calling) in females. Traditionally, this surgery was performed at around six to nine months of age, but it is increasingly being performed before puberty, at about three to six months. [158] In the United States, about 80% of household cats are neutered. [159] Lifespan and health The average lifespan of pet cats has risen in recent decades. In the early 1980s, it was about seven years, [160]: 33 [161] rising to 9. 4 years in 1995 [160]: 33 and 15. 1 years in 2018. [162] Some cats have been reported as surviving into their 30s, [163] with the oldest known cat, Creme Puff, dying at a verified age of 38. [164] Spaying or neutering increases life expectancy: one study found neutered male cats live twice as long as intact males, while spayed female cats live 62% longer than intact females. [160]: 35 Having a cat neutered confers health benefits, because castrated males cannot develop testicular cancer, spayed females cannot develop uterine or ovarian cancer, and both have a reduced risk of mammary cancer. [165] Despite widespread concern about the welfare of free-roaming cats, the lifespans of neutered feral cats in managed colonies compare favorably with those of pet cats. [166]: 45 [167]: 1358 [168] [169] [170] [171] Disease About two hundred fifty heritable genetic disorders have been identified in cats, many similar to human inborn errors of metabolism. [172] The high level of similarity among the metabolism of mammals allows many of these feline diseases to be diagnosed using genetic tests that were originally developed for use in humans, as well as the use of cats as animal models in the study of the human diseases. [173] [174] Diseases affecting domestic cats include acute infections, parasitic infestations, injuries, and chronic diseases such as kidney disease, thyroid disease, and arthritis. Vaccinations are available for many infectious diseases, as are treatments to eliminate parasites such as worms and fleas. [175] Ecology Habitats The domestic cat is a cosmopolitan species and occurs across much of the world. [55] It is adaptable and now present on all continents except Antarctica, and on 118 of the 131 main groups of islands—even on isolated islands such as the Kerguelen Islands. [176] [177] Due to its ability to thrive in almost any terrestrial habitat, it is among the world's most invasive species. [178] As it is little altered from the wildcat, it can readily interbreed with the wildcat. This hybridization poses a danger to the genetic distinctiveness of some wildcat populations, particularly in Scotland and Hungary and possibly also the Iberian Peninsula. [52] It lives on small islands with no human inhabitants. [179] Feral cats can live in forests, grasslands, tundra, coastal areas, agricultural land, scrublands, urban areas, and wetlands. [180] Feral cats Feral cats are domestic cats that were born in or have reverted to a wild state. They are unfamiliar with and wary of humans and roam freely in urban and rural areas. [10] The numbers of feral cats is not known, but estimates of the United States feral population range from twenty-five to sixty million. [10] Feral cats may live alone, but most are found in large colonies, which occupy a specific territory and are usually associated with a source of food. [181] Famous feral cat colonies are found in Rome around the Colosseum and Forum Romanum, with cats at some of these sites being fed and given medical attention by volunteers. [182] Public attitudes towards feral cats vary widely, ranging from seeing them as free-ranging pets, to regarding them as vermin. [183] One common approach to reducing the feral cat population is termed "trap-neuter-return", where the cats are trapped, neutered, immunized against diseases such as rabies and the feline panleukopenia and leukemia viruses, and then released. [184] Before releasing them back into their feral colonies, the attending veterinarian often nips the tip off one ear to mark it as neutered and inoculated, since these cats may be trapped again. Volunteers continue to feed and give care to these cats throughout their lives. Given this support, their lifespans are increased, and behavior and nuisance problems caused by competition for food are reduced. [181] Interaction with humans Cats are common pets throughout the world, and their worldwide population exceeds 500 million as of 2007. [185] Although cat guardianship has commonly been associated with women, a 2007 Gallup poll reported that men and women in the United States were equally likely to own a cat. [186] As well as being kept as pets, cats are also used in the international fur [187] and leather industries for making coats, hats, blankets, and stuffed toys; [188] and shoes, gloves, and musical instruments respectively [189] (about 24 cats are needed to make a cat-fur coat). [190] This use has been outlawed in the United States, Australia, and the European Union in 2007. [191] Cat pelts have been used for superstitious purposes as part of the practise of witchcraft, [192] and are still made into blankets in Switzerland as folk remedies believed to help rheumatism. [193] In the Western intellectual tradition, the idea of cats as everyday objects have served to illustrate problems of quantum mechanics in the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment. A few attempts to build a cat census have been made over the years, both through associations or national and international organizations (such as the Canadian Federation of Humane Societies 's one [194]) and over the Internet, [195] [196] but such a task does not seem simple to achieve. General estimates for the global population of domestic cats range widely from anywhere between 200 million to 600 million. [197] [198] [199] [200] [201] Walter Chandoha made his career photographing cats after his 1949 images of Loco, an especially charming stray taken in, were published around the world. He is reported to have photographed 90, 000 cats during his career and maintained an archive of 225, 000 images that he drew from for publications during his lifetime. [202] Cat show A cat show is a judged event in which the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat-registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard. [203] [204] Both pedigreed and non- purebred companion ("moggy"") cats are admissible, although the rules differ from organization to organization. Competing cats are compared to the applicable breed standard, [205] and assessed for temperament and apparent health; the owners of those judged to be most ideal awarded a prize. Moggies are judged based on their temperament and healthy appearance. Some events also include activity judging, such as trained navigation of obstacle course. Often, at the end of the year, all of the points accrued at various shows are added up and more national and regional titles are awarded to champion cats. Infections transmitted from cats to humans Cats can be infected or infested with viruses, bacteria, fungus, protozoans, arthropods or worms that can transmit diseases to humans. [206] In some cases, the cat exhibits no symptoms of the disease, [207] However, the same disease can then become evident in a human. The likelihood that a person will become diseased depends on the age and immune status of the person. Humans who have cats living in their home or in close association are more likely to become infected, however, those who do not keep cats as pets might also acquire infections from cat feces and parasites exiting the cat's body. [206] [208] Some of the infections of most concern include salmonella, cat-scratch disease and toxoplasmosis. [207] History and mythology The ancient Egyptians mummified dead cats out of respect in the same way that they mummified people. [4] A 19th-century drawing of a tabby cat In ancient Egypt, cats were worshipped, and the goddess Bastet often depicted in cat form, sometimes taking on the war-like aspect of a lioness. The Greek historian Herodotus reported that killing a cat was forbidden, and when a household cat died, the entire family mourned and shaved their eyebrows. Families took their dead cats to the sacred city of Bubastis, where they were embalmed and buried in sacred repositories. Herodotus expressed astonishment at the domestic cats in Egypt, because he had only ever seen wildcats. [209] Ancient Greeks and Romans kept weasels as pets, which were seen as the ideal rodent-killers. The earliest unmistakable evidence of the Greeks having domestic cats comes from two coins from Magna Graecia dating to the mid-fifth century BC showing Iokastos and Phalanthos, the legendary founders of Rhegion and Taras respectively, playing with their pet cats. The usual ancient Greek word for 'cat' was ailouros, meaning 'thing with the waving tail'. Cats are rarely mentioned in ancient Greek literature. Aristotle remarked in his History of Animals that "female cats are naturally lecherous. " The Greeks later syncretized their own goddess Artemis with the Egyptian goddess Bastet, adopting Bastet's associations with cats and ascribing them to Artemis. In Ovid 's Metamorphoses, when the deities flee to Egypt and take animal forms, the goddess Diana turns into a cat. [210] [211] Cats eventually displaced ferrets as the pest control of choice because they were more pleasant to have around the house and were more enthusiastic hunters of mice. During the Middle Ages, many of Artemis's associations with cats were grafted onto the Virgin Mary. Cats are often shown in icons of Annunciation and of the Holy Family and, according to Italian folklore, on the same night that Mary gave birth to Jesus, a cat in Bethlehem gave birth to a kitten. [212] Domestic cats were spread throughout much of the rest of the world during the Age of Discovery, as ships' cats were carried on sailing ships to control shipboard rodents and as good-luck charms. [46] Several ancient religions believed cats are exalted souls, companions or guides for humans, that are all-knowing but mute so they cannot influence decisions made by humans. In Japan, the maneki neko cat is a symbol of good fortune. [213] In Norse mythology, Freyja, the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility, is depicted as riding a chariot drawn by cats. [214] In Jewish legend, the first cat was living in the house of the first man Adam as a pet that got rid of mice. The cat was once partnering with the first dog before the latter broke an oath they had made which resulted in enmity between the descendants of these two animals. It is also written that neither cats nor foxes are represented in the water, while every other animal has an incarnation species in the water. [215] Although no species are sacred in Islam, cats are revered by Muslims. Some Western writers have stated Muhammad had a favorite cat, Muezza. [216] He is reported to have loved cats so much, "he would do without his cloak rather than disturb one that was sleeping on it". [217] The story has no origin in early Muslim writers, and seems to confuse a story of a later Sufi saint, Ahmed ar-Rifa'i, centuries after Muhammad. [218] One of the companions of Muhammad was known as Abu Hurayrah ("father of the kitten"), in reference to his documented affection to cats. [219] Superstitions and rituals Some cultures are superstitious about black cats, ascribing either good or bad luck to them. Many cultures have negative superstitions about cats. An example would be the belief that a black cat "crossing one's path" leads to bad luck, or that cats are witches' familiars used to augment a witch's powers and skills. The killing of cats in Medieval Ypres, Belgium, is commemorated in the innocuous present-day Kattenstoet (cat parade). [220] In medieval France, cats would be burnt alive as a form of entertainment. According to Norman Davies, the assembled people "shrieked with laughter as the animals, howling with pain, were singed, roasted, and finally carbonized ". [221] "It was the custom to burn a basket, barrel, or sack full of live cats, which was hung from a tall mast in the midst of the bonfire; sometimes a fox was burned. The people collected the embers and ashes of the fire and took them home, believing that they brought good luck. The French kings often witnessed these spectacles and even lit the bonfire with their own hands. In 1648 Louis XIV, crowned with a wreath of roses and carrying a bunch of roses in his hand, kindled the fire, danced at it and partook of the banquet afterwards in the town hall. But this was the last occasion when a monarch presided at the midsummer bonfire in Paris. At Metz midsummer fires were lighted with great pomp on the esplanade, and a dozen cats, enclosed in wicker cages, were burned alive in them, to the amusement of the people. Similarly at Gap, in the department of the Hautes-Alpes, cats used to be roasted over the midsummer bonfire. " [222] According to a myth in many cultures, cats have multiple lives. In many countries, they are believed to have nine lives, but in Italy, Germany, Greece, Brazil and some Spanish-speaking regions, they are said to have seven lives, [223] [224] while in Turkish and Arabic traditions, the number of lives is six. [225] The myth is attributed to the natural suppleness and swiftness cats exhibit to escape life-threatening situations. 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I watch, at minimum, 95 movies each month. I've been doing that for the past 10 years. I'm retired, I have the time. Scuse me while I add that up.
I have seen my fair share of 3s and 4s and even a few 1s. This production of "Cats' is nowhere near that category. It never ceases to amaze how armchair critics, and even paid critics, can so casually look at a production that obviously to a lot of work to make and trash it as "garbage. a disaster. a waste of time" or any of the other many negative adjectives they use to describe something they themselves have neither the wherewithal, money, or connections, to ever make themselves. I often wonder what they would make if they had the talent to make anything other than negative, non constructive criticisms, of other people's labor and efforts.
Are there bad, awful, movies out there? Yes, Loads of them. But when you see 900+ movies in a single year you come to realize that it is not most of them. A lot a movies are average which does not make them bad. I have seen B movies, I even call some of them B+ movies) that are as good as and even better than some 'A' movies rated highly here on IMDb.
But getting back to the negative 'Cats' reviews.
It seems to me that what we are seeing here with all these 1s and 2s and "I wish I could give it a 0. now I want to die" and "what a waste of time. although what else they had better to never say) are as I described earlier "armchair critics" who are merely following the leader. An earlier review by some nameless, but paid critic, said the "CGI made the movie creepy." And sure enough you see that same description parroted here several times by people who can compare it to nothing other than the 'Broadway' version for how awful is. Followers following a leader without an original observation.
I'm glad I know better than to base every movie I see on the ratings given by people who expect every movie they see to change their lives. Now granted, Most of the 2s and 3s given here on IMDb are well deserved and I avoid them. A LOT of the 4s are 5s ( in my opinion) are really 5s and 6s and are really good, enjoyable, movies, if you are not only looking for Marvel Blockbusters or big budgets with big named stars. Every movie cannot be a Marvel Studios blockbuster or a Jason Bourne hit and star Anthony Hopkins or Robert De Nero.
This is all my opinion I know. And a lot of you will give 'me' a 1 or 2 for this essay. But there are some of you who will agree with me and like one person said, open a beer and enjoy the movie." Those of you haven't seen 'Cats' give it a break and imagine how You would make it better if you could when you do see it. And keep in mind when the 'Wizard Of Oz' first came out some of the critics trashed that too. I'll bet anyone dollars to donuts in 25-30 years most people will not see 'Cats' as "cat litter.

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